Page:History of merchant shipping and ancient commerce (Volume 1).djvu/720

Pisa, long and bloody war with the Genoese for nearly two centuries, p. 522 Pliny, dread by, of the absorption of the precious metals for the useless luxuries of the East, p. 173 "Policie—Libel of English," curious poem so called, asserting England's right to the "dominion of the narrow sea," and notice in of the trade of England with Flanders, Prussia, Germany, Spain, Italian Republics, Iceland, &c., pp. 443-9 Polo Marco, effects of the travels of, and of Sir John Mandeville, on the enthusiastic spirits of the fifteenth century, p. 557 Ports of England, the chief, temp. Edward I., p. 407 Portuguese take care to keep to themselves the secret of the "Guinea Trade," p. 552 ——, maritime discoveries of, pp. 549-553 Probus, Emperor, wall of, 200 miles long, from Danube to the Rhine, p. 196 Ptolemy (the Geographer), by an error in longitude, places China 60° nearer Europe than it is really, Introd. p. xl —— in error with respect to the size but not to the commercial importance of Ceylon, p. 148 ——, his account of India beyond the Ganges shows that it had been reached by navigators before his time, p. 149 —— places many "Emporia," or places of call for merchants, along the coasts of India, p. 151 Ptolemy, son of Lagos, first Greek ruler of Egypt, p. 58 —— carries out the designs of Alexander the Great with reference to Alexandria, pp. 58 and 101 Ptolemy (Philopater), description, in Athenæus, of his great ship, built probably for show rather than use, of his Thalamegus, and of other smaller vessels, pp. 60-64 Ptolemy Philadelphus builds the port of Berenice, on the Red Sea, and attempts to cut a canal from Arsinoe, on the Red Sea, to the Pelusiac (or eastern) arm of the Nile, p. 59 Pytheas, the first to make a voyage to the North, account of, in Pliny, p. 11 Rámáyana, description in, of the wealth of Ayodhya (Oude), p. 126 Reciprocity, Treaties of, and extension of maritime commerce under Richard III., A.D. 1485, p. 459 Relics, disgusting purchase of, by ecclesiastics of the tenth and eleventh centuries, p. 368 Revenue and Expenditure, first accounts of, A.D. 421, pp. 452-3 Rhodian Maritime Law, remark of M. Aurelius relative thereto, p. 183 —— accepted by the Romans, and ultimately embodied in the "Rôles d'Oléron" and "Hanse Town Ordinances," p. 184 ——, the chief rule also for the ships of the Italian Republics, p. 502 Rhodians, their character as merchants and jurists, p. 181 —— the first to establish regulations for co-partnership, payment of officers, &c., p. 183 Richard I., Cœur de Lion, fits out an expedition in aid of the Holy Land (the Second Crusade), A.D. 1189, p. 375 ——, results of the expedition under, p. 378 —— Ordinances of, for seafaring men, Append. 2, p. 628 Richard II., strangely inconsistent and protective laws of, pp. 428-430 Robertson, Dr., remarks on the story of Sesostris's conquest of India, p. 124 Roman Commerce, its extraordinary extent and value under the first Emperors, pp. 177-180 Roman Commerce with the East, its general effect, the enriching a select few of the people, p. 173 Roman Empire, corruption and decay of, after the Antonine Princes, pp. 190-191 Roman Navy, chief stations of, at the commencement of the Empire, p. 164 ——, slow in construction and at first very rude, with a list of ships built and their fate, during the Punic Wars, pp. 165-6, note

Romans in early times averse to maritime affairs, and dependent on