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NOTES 275 P. 227, 1. 16. Pope Gregory the Great, 590-604. This chapter gives the only contemporary information about him not given in his own writings. P. 228, 1. 10. Pope Gregory had lived in Constantinople from 579 to 585. P. 228, 1. 23 f. It was a custom for the bishop to resist election, in appear- ance at least. P. 228, 1. 31. Carthage was so called to distinguish it from Carthage in Spain (Cartagena). P. 232, 1. 18. The vicarius was an officer subordinate to the count. P. 232, c. 7. The reference seems to be wholly to back taxes due from the church. P. 233, c. 8. This is a tale from Gregory's home town. He must have known personally some at least of the persons mentioned. The time of the incidents may be inferred from these facts: Bishop Cautinus died in 571; duke Desiderius died about 587, and Gregory is writing between 590 and 592. P. 235, 1. II. 590 A.D. P. 235, c. 10. In this case the trial by combat yielded no verdict. Brunner, Deutsche Rechtsgeschichie, vol. II, p. 440 (edition of 1892). P. 244, 1. 32. The " swarm of flies " was the medium through which this man became " possessed." In De Virtut. S. Martin, I, c. 53, a cloud of dust has the same effect. Cf. also De Virtut. S. Martin, III, c. 16, 20. P. 245, 1. 19. Episcopis ac civibus. The meaning of the last word may be " people of the civitas (city)," i.e. " townsfolk." P. 246, 1. 3. See Note on p. 189, 1. 20. P. 246, 1. 23 f . A similar case of summary punishment is found on p. 199. Cf. also pp. 38, 48-50, 176. P. 246, 1. 36. The cathedral church in the city. Below (p. 247, 1. 21 f.) the reference is to St. Martin's church. P. 247, 1. 13. The reference is to a legend dating back to the time of the emperor Maximian (285-310) and centering about St. Maurice (cf. p. 54). The legion, consisting wholly of Christians from the East, was commanded to take part in the persecution of the Christians. On its refusal its members were executed to a man. The question of the authenticity of the legend has given rise to a long controversy. See Art., Thehan Legion, New Schaf-Herzog Religious Encyclopedia. P. 247, 1. 32 f. Appeals of this sort are common in the literature of the age. Compare the following : " I adjure thee, who shalt transcribe this book, by our Lord Jesus Christ, and by his glorious appearing, when he comes to judge the living and the dead, that thou compare what thou has transcribed, and be care- ful to set it right according to this copy from which thou hast transcribed ; also that thou in like manner copy down this adjuration, and insert it in the transcript." Irenaeus, De Ogdoade {Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. I, p. 568). P. 248, 1. 2. Martianus Capella wrote, about 450, a work on the seven liberal arts much used in medieval schools. Cf. Introd., p. xiii.