JOSS-HOUSE. 464 JOWAULLA MOOKHEE.
of the Chinese ports from the Portuguese, and then adopted from that jargon by Europeans as if they had got hold of a Chinese word. [See CHIN-CHIN.]
1659.—"But the Devil (whom the Chinese commonly called Joosje) is a mighty and powerful Prince of the world."—Walter Schulz, 17.
"In a four-cornered cabinet in their dwelling-rooms, they have, as it were, an altar, and thereon an image … this they call Josin."—Saar, ed. 1672, p. 27:
1677.—"All the Sinese keep a limning of the Devil in their houses. … They paint him with two horns on his head, and commonly call him Josie (Joosje)."—Gerret Vermeulen, Oost Indische Voyagie, 33.
1711.—"I know but little of their Religion, more than that every Man has a small Joss or God in his own House."—Lockyer, 181.
1727.—"Their Josses or Demi-gods some of human shape, some of monstrous Figure."—A. Hamilton, ii. 266; [ed. 1744, ii. 265].
c. 1790.—
"Down with dukes, earls, and lords, those pagan Josses,
False gods! away with stars and strings and crosses."
1798.—"The images which the Chinese worship are called joostje by the Dutch, and joss by the English seamen. The latter is evidently a corruption of the former, which being a Dutch nickname for the devil, was probably given to these idols by the Dutch who first saw them."—Stavorinus, E.T. i. 173.
This is of course quite wrong.
JOSS-HOUSE, s. An idol temple
in China or Japan. From joss, as ex-
plained in the last article.
1750-52. — " The sailors, and even some
books of voyages . . . call the pagodas
Yoss-houses, for on enquiring of a Chinese
for the name of the idol, he answers Grande
Yoss, instead of Gran Dios." — Olof. Toreen,
232.
1760-1810.— "On the 8th, 18th, and 28th
day of the Moon those foreign barbarians
may visit the Flower Gardens, and the
Honam Joss-house, but not in droves of over
ten at a time." — '8 Regulations ' at Canton,
from The Fanhcae at Canton (1882), p. 29.
1840. — " Every town, every village, it is
true, abounds with Joss-houses, upon which
large sums of money have been spent." —
Mem. Col. Mountain, 186.
1876. — ". . . the fantastic gables and
tawdry ornaments of a large joss-house, or
temple." — Fortnightly Review, No. cliii. 222.
1876:—
" One Tim Wang he makee-tlavel,
Makee stop one night in Joss-house."
Leland, Pidgin- English Sing-Song, p. 42.
Thus also in "pidgin," Jo8S-house-ma?i or
Joaa-pidgin-man is a priest, or a missionary.
JOSTIOK, JOSS-STICK, s. lA
sticli of fragrant tinder (powdered
costus, sandalwood, &c.) used by the
Chinese as incense in their temples,
and formerly exported for use as
cigar-lights. The name appears to
be from the temple use. (See
PUTCHOCK.)
1876.—" Burnee joss-stick, talkee plitty."
— Leland, Pidgin-English Sing-Song, p. 43.
1879. — "There is a recess outside each
shop, and at dusk the joss-sticks burning
in these fill the city with the fragrance of
incense." — Miss Bird, Golden Chersonese, 49.
JOW, s. Hind. jhdu. The name
is applied to various species of the
shrubby tamarisk which abound on
the low alluvials of Indian rivers, and
are useful in many ways, for rough
basket-maliing and the like. It is the
usual material for gabions and fascines
in Indian siege-operations.
[c. 1809. — " ... by the natives it is called
jhau ; but this name is generic, and is
applied not only to another species of Tama-
risk, but to the Casuarina of Bengal, and to
the cone-bearing plants that have been
introduced by Europeans." — Buchanan-
Hamilton, Eastern India, iii. 597.
[1840. — " ... on the opposite Jhow, or
bastard tamarisk jungle ... a native . . .
had been attacked by a tiger. . . ." — David-
son, Travels, ii. 326.]
JOWAULLA MOOKHEE, n.p.
Skt. — Hind. Jwdld-mukhl, 'flame-
mouthed ' ; a generic name for quasi-
volcanic phenomena, but particularly
applied to a place in the Kangra
district of the Punjab mountain
country, near the Bias River, where
jets of gas issue from the ground and
are kept constantly burning. There
is a shrine of Devi, and it is a place
of pilgrimage famous all over the
Himalaya as well as in the plains of
India. The famous fire-jets at Baku
are sometimes visited by more ad-
venturous Indian pilgrims, and known
as the Great Jwala-mukhi. The
author of the following passage was
evidently ignorant of the phenomenon
worshipped, though the name indi-
cates its nature.
c. 1360.— "Sultan Firoz . . . marched
with his army towards Nagarkot (see NUG-
GURCOTE) ... the idol Jwala-mukhi,
much worshipped by the infidels, was situ-
ated on the road to Nagarkot. . . . Some of
