or stocks—exact counterparts of those employed by country farriers in Britain and the Continent half a century ago—where it is firmly bound and wedged in by ropes and bars, and a twitch—an instrument of punishment still tolerated in other lands—twisted to agony round the under-lip of the subdued beast, until its extremities have been iron-clad. The more docile and submissive animal is less harshly dealt with, for it is allowed to stand untied, with one of its feet flexed on a low three-legged stool, while the workman shaves off great slices of superfluous horn from the thick soles, with an instrument which
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Horse_shoes_and_horse_shoeing_page258.jpg/450px-Horse_shoes_and_horse_shoeing_page258.jpg)
fig. 78
differs in no particular that we can see from the now obsolete "buttress" of England, or the present boutoir of France (fig. 78). Perhaps a fidgety draught animal does