NO. 2
��TYPES OF REDUPLICATION IN THE SALISH DIALECTS
��157
��The same phenomenon appears in the fol- lowing loan-word :
51! (sail), CALICO; pi., silsll, but dim., si'sil", pi. -dim., silsi'sfl" Hbl.
The following word shows a related phe- nomenon :
tsi'a', HEAD; pi., tsi'Etsi'a', but dim., tsiai", pl.-dim., tsitsiai" Hbl.
This word also shows the peculiarity of the change of the terminal accented o-vowel to an ai. The same is the case with the following word:
i'V, GOOD; dim., iai' Hbl.
(pi. i"i"a', pl.-dim., II"ai')
I am not able to say whether these forms are derived by dieresis of the stem-vowel or by a type of end-reduplication. Probably the final i corresponds to I in Shuswap; compare: Shuswap: tslila", BASKET, dim., tslila'l'a; la', GOOD, dim., la'l'a. In some cases the diminu- tive is derived from the simplex by means of an internal reduplication, while the plural is formed by initial reduplication. Good exam- ples are:
spla'nt, SKUNK; dim., spla'l'nt Hbl.
(pi., splpla'nt) ' xazo'm, BIG; dim., xazo'zom' Hbl.
(pi., xaxazo'm) q!ume"Ema', LITTLE; dim.,q!uma'me'Ema' Hbl.
(pi., q!umq!ume"Ema') stloma'1-t' 1 , COW; dim., stloma'mal-t; pi., stumtluma'1-t' Hbl.
The following word apparently forms its diminutive in the same way:
sa'Me'c, KNIFE; dim., sa'le"c Hbl. (pi. sa'lsa'"le'c)
This diminutive was sometimes also heard as sa'Me'lc. The glottal stop in the accented syllable of sa'le"c corresponds doubtlessly to an /, since the shift of this sound to a stop or to an t-vowel is characteristic of Thompson in general.
Possibly the following diminutive is derived likewise by internal reduplication. But it
1 The initial s is a prefix. ' != long /.
��may also be a type of initial reduplication, provided we assume the initial n to be a prefix : nuwa'n'os, FORMERLY; dim., nowau'"n'os Hbl.
The word spEzu'zu, BIRD B. [splspEzu'zo, BIRDS (Teit) ] appears to be a diminutive formed by a process of end-reduplication from
SpEZo', ANIMAL.
spEyu'zu, SMALL BIRD, is derived by dieresis and with a shift of accent from spEzo'
Of considerable interest is the type of di- minutive end-reduplication that occurs in the words compounded with the suffix -e'Et (= Shuswap -e'lt), "young one." In these the terminal consonant of the stem and the initial vowel of the suffix are repeated ; see for example :
st !omal-te"Et, YOUNG cow (stloma'1-t', cow) Hbl.
stlomal-te'te'Et, SMALL YOUNG cow '
(Shuswap: stlomal-te'tE'lt; compare also Shuswap: stlomal'txwi'xwi'lt, CALF)
qospe"Et, YOUNG BUFFALO (qoe'sp, BUFFALO) Hbl.
qOSpE'pe'Et, SMALL YOUNG BUFFALO 4
snoyahe"Et, YOUNG BEAVER (sno'ya beaver) Hbl. sndyahe'he'Et, SMALL YOUNG BEAVER klotnE'ne'Et, SMALL YOUNG MOUSE' Hbl.
(k!o*n'e'= mouse)
skukluma'me'Et, SMALL CHILD Hbl. (sku'ku'me'Et, CHILD; skukukluma'me'Et, SEVERAL SMALL CHILDREN)
The type of diminutive reduplication with a change of the stem-vowel to an i-vowel in the reduplicating syllable a type so common in many of the dialects seems to be absent in Thompson and Shuswap. It is barely possible that we are dealing with it in the following words :
Thompson: sau"ut, SLAVE; dim., se'so'ut Hbl.
Shuswap and Thompson: la'rxqst, FINGER; dim., le'laxqst Hbl. (pi: laxEla'rxqst)
Apparently there is a type of diminutive formation in Thompson derived by means of a
' st!umt!uma'mal-t', SEVERAL SMALL cows st!umt!umal-te"Et, SEVERAL YOUNG cows st!umt!umal-te'te'Et, SEVERAL SMALL YOUNG cows
4 qOSqOSpg"Et, SEVERAL YOUNG BUFFALOS
qosqospE'pe'Et, SEVERAL SMALL YOUNG BUFFALOS
5 klotklotns'ne'Et, SEVERAL SMALL YOUNG MICE
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