of scientific and literary pursuits, and had contracted relations of friendship with Leeuwenhoek, Réamur, Geoffroy, Jussieu, and Fontenelle. He published nothing original during his lifetime, though he edited Gerard Meyer's "Glossarium linguæ veteris Saxonicæ," and left some valuable works in manuscript; among others, a "Glossarium Teutonicum et Allemanicum." The book by which he is best known appeared at Hamburg in 1746, and was entitled "Herrn Johann Anderson, J. U. D. und weyland ersten Bürgermeister der freyen Kayserlichen Reichstadt Hamburg, Nachrichten von Grönland und der Strasse Davis, Zum wahren Nutzen der Wissenschaft und der Handlung." This "Information about Greenland and the Strait Davis, for the true advantage of Science and Commerce," he had obtained by conversing with seafaring men who had visited these regions. The book contains valuable notices of the Icelandic language, but is now very rare. It is preceded by a life of the author.—A. M.
ANDERSON, John, of Dowhill, Glasgow, a gentleman of good family, who suffered severely during the religious troubles of the latter half of the seventeenth century, for his adherence to the cause of the nonconforming party in the Scottish church. The fall of the Stuart family gave a favourable turn to his fortunes. We find him among the burgesses in that Convention of Estates, held at Edinburgh, which offered the Scottish crown to William and Mary; and it was he who represented Glasgow in the first parliament after the Revolution. He was also, subsequently to 1689, repeatedly provost of Glasgow.—A. M.
ANDERSON, John, a presbyterian clergyman, eminent in the eighteenth century as a controversialist. He was tutor to the celebrated John, Duke of Argyll, and became minister of Dumbarton, and afterwards of the North-West church, Glasgow. His writings relate to the comparative merits of prelacy and presbytery, and contain some valuable historical information. The principal are:—"Dialogue between a Curat and a Countryman concerning the English Service, or Common Prayer Book of England," Glasgow, 1710 or 1711, 4to.; and "A Defence of the Church Government, Faith, Worship, and Spirit of the Presbyterians, in answer to a book entitled an 'Apology for Mr. Thomas Rhind,'" 1714.—A. M.
ANDERSON, John, A.M., F.R.SS. L. & E., was born at Roseneath in Scotland, in the year 1726. Having pursued an extended course of general study in the university of Glasgow, he was appointed in 1756 to the chair of Oriental languages. Four years after, he obtained the professorship of natural philosophy, a branch of study much more congenial to his taste and acquirements. Being a man of enlightened and liberal views regarding education, he determined to make the instruction of the university available to a class which had hitherto been excluded from the academic halls. Accordingly, besides the scientific and mathematical course of physics, which he taught in all its vigour and purity, he established a second of a more popular character, to which he invited artisans and mechanics, and others, whom the want of previous mathematical education unfitted for attending the formal university lectures. This practice he kept up till the close of his life, and his lectures were attended by large numbers of working men—thus forming the rudiments of the first mechanics' institution.
Anderson was author of a work, "Institutes of Physics," which was held in great estimation, and obtained a wide circulation. He early directed his attention to experiments on projectiles, and made some modifications on the construction of fire-arms.
Professor Anderson died in January, 1796, and bequeathed by his will the whole of his library, philosophical museum and apparatus, and all his effects, as a foundation for an educational institution, to be called Anderson's University. According to the intention of the founder, it was to consist of four colleges, viz., arts, medicine, law, and theology, with a suitable staff of professors in each. The funds proving inadequate to so extensive a plan, the trustees commenced it partially; and Dr. Garnett, the professor of chemistry and natural philosophy, and subsequently Dr. Birkbeck, soon became the instructors of thousands of mechanics. It was part of the plan, that, besides the scientific courses, a class similar to that taught by Dr. Anderson himself should always be formed. Dr. Anderson was, therefore, the first who founded an educational institution, one of the essential elements of which was to throw open "the temple of science to the hard-labouring artisan, and the hitherto despised mechanic." The advantages of such courses of lectures being so obvious, they are still crowded by the working men of Glasgow. The plan of the founder has been carried out fully with regard to two of the colleges—arts and medicine. Regular courses by teachers of acknowledged merit are given in mathematics, natural philosophy, and the modern languages. The medical department, however, has most fully come up to the intentions of the founder. The medical school of Anderson's University is one of the acknowledged medical institutions of the country; and from the eminence of the professors, many of whom have subsequently obtained positions of great importance in the country, together with the valuable character of the instruction to be obtained in the Royal Infirmary, great numbers of students come from all parts of the kingdom to receive their medical education at this school. Besides his work on physics. Professor Anderson was the author of several papers on general subjects, and principally on the Roman antiquities of Britain.—G. B.
ANDERSON, John, an English physician, who practised at Kingston near London; died in 1804. He has left "Dissertatio de Scorbuto, Edinburgi, 1771, 4to;" and "Medical Remarks on Natural, Spontaneous, and Artificial Evacuation."
ANDERSON, John, a Scotchman, son of David Anderson of Portland, N.B., who, having settled at Glasgow in 1784, acquired a sum of about £500 by his own industry, and then went to Ireland. He fixed his abode in Cork, where he became an export merchant, and soon realised £25,000, which he laid out in the purchase of four-sixths of the Fermoy estate, including the little town of that name, then in a state of ruin. This he soon raised to the condition of a thriving town, by extensive and judicious buildings. When the French fleet came into Bantry Bay, government was unable to procure land for encamping the troops in the south of Ireland, unless on the most extravagant terms. Lord Carhampton, commander of the forces, stated the difficulties to Mr. Anderson, who at once removed them by giving land on his Fermoy estate, without any charge for the required encampment. He subsequently induced the government in 1797 to erect two large and handsome barracks there, by giving the site rent-free. He established a mail-coach company, and set up the first public coach between Cork and Dublin. He also founded an agricultural society, and built a school-house and military college. He soon became highly popular with all classes, and his manners, which were agreeable and even polished, gave him access to the highest circles of society. Though he took no part in politics, the government so highly appreciated his great public services, that they offered him a baronetcy, which he declined for himself, but accepted for his son. Mr. Anderson, however, unfortunately extended his operations too widely: he embarked largely in purchasing lands, the value of which fell greatly upon the close of the war: in mining, too, he was deeply involved, and lost considerably; and finally, the change of the Irish currency affected his banking operations so severely, that his career of usefulness was arrested in 1816, to the extreme regret of the whole country, the esteem and gratitude of which he never forfeited or lost. Mr. Anderson died in the year 1820; but the good which he did remains behind him, and the town of Fermoy is a noble monument of what can be accomplished by one man possessing energy and talent.—J. F. W.
ANDERSON, John, a Scotch surgeon, who wrote "Historical and Genealogical Memoirs of the House of Hamilton," published at Edinburgh, 1825, 8vo. He was born in Mid-Lothian in 1789, and died in 1832.
ANDERSON, Patrick, a Scottish jesuit, born at Elgin in 1575; studied at Rome, came back to Scotland in 1620, suffered imprisonment, and retired to London, where he died in 1623. He wrote some popular theological works.
ANDERSON, Patrick, a Scotch physician of the seventeenth century, whose pills at one time enjoyed a great reputation. He treats of their properties in a small volume, now extremely rare, called "Grana angelica hoc est, pilularum hujus nominis utilitas," Edinburgh, 1635, 12mo.
ANDERSON, Robert, born in Lanarkshire in 1750, abandoned successively the professions of theology and medicine, and gave himself up to that of literature. The period of his principal activity was from 1792 to 1807, between which dates he published, at Edinburgh, his edition of the "British Poets," in fourteen volumes, with meritorious biographical and critical notices. He also published separately the lives of Johnson and Smollet. In 1820, Anderson edited the works of Dr. John Moore, and furnished them with a "Memoir of his Life and Writings." He died at Edinburgh in 1830.—A. M.
