his ambitious (for this worthy, an artist in his way, was ambitious even about the propagation of sound violin strings), his ambitious, if not acquisitive intention. The principles which it had been the study of his life to mature, were by this means exposed, and so became known to any and every one who could be intrusted to take advantage of his secret. He took this so sorely to heart, that it was supposed to accelerate his death, which occurred at Naples in 1765, when he had attained a very advanced age.—G. A. M.
ANGELUCCI, Teodoro, a physician and poet of Italy, a native of Belforte, near Tolentino. He was author of a number of treatises relating to his profession, and some poetical pieces of a devotional character. He died at Montagnana in 1600.
ANGELUS, Andrew, born at Strasburg in 1561, and died in 1598; wrote a number of historical and theological works.
ANGELUS, Arnold, a jesuit of Holland, born at Utrecht 1620, died 1676; wrote on theology and against Lutheranism.
ANGELUS, Baldus, a physician of Urbino, in the last half of the sixteenth century, wrote a tract "De Viperæ Natura," &c.
ANGELUS, Christopher, a learned native of Peloponnesus, who, persecuted by the Turks, came to England, and having studied at the university of Cambridge, took up his abode at Oxford, where he published several works, one of them being an account of the persecution he had endured; and another, being an encomium, in Greek and Latin, upon the sister universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He died at Oxford in 1638.—F.
ANGELUS, Johann, a learned physician and astronomer, a native of Aïchen in Bavaria; died at Vienna in 1512.
ANGELUS, Silesius, a poet-philosopher, born at Glatz or Breslau in 1624; died in 1677. Under the nome de plume of Johann Scheffler, he enjoys considerable celebrity in Germany. He belongs to the school of Tauler and Behmen; and his system may be defined a virtual pantheism, founded on sentiment or love. He never developed his opinions in a scientific form: we find them in a great number of poetical sentences and spiritual songs. Some of these latter have been recently imported into our English literature.—J. P. N.
ANGELY, Ludwig, a dramatic poet, born at Berlin towards the end of the eighteenth century, was descended from a French family who had established themselves at Berlin at the revocation of the edict of Nantes. He wrote a number of original dramas, and translated a great many of the French dramatic writers into German. Died in 1835.
ANGENNES, a noble family in France, distinguished from the fourteenth to the middle of the seventeenth century. Its founder was Robert d'Angennes, Seigneur de Rambouillet et de Marolles, whose son distinguished himself in various situations of trust at the court of Charles VI., and whose grandson was chamberlain to the king, and afterwards tutor to the dauphin in 1410.—Charles was Cardinal de Rambouillet, and ambassador of France to Gregory XIII., and died in 1587.—Nicholas d'Angennes, Seigneur of Rambouillet, Villeneuve, and Moutonniere, was ambassador of Charles IX. to the English court, and possessed great skill as a diplomatist.—Claude, born at Rambouillet in 1534, was bishop of Noyon, and afterwards bishop of Mans, and died in 1601.—Louis was Marquis of Maintenon. Baron of Mesial, Seigneur of Moutonniere, and French ambassador to the Spanish court. Many other members of the house were no less distinguished. The family became extinct in 1640, by the death of Charles d'Angennes, Comte de la Rochepot.—F.
ANGERVILLE, Richard, born at Bury and educated at Oxford, rose in the favour of Edward III., was made bishop of Durham, and afterwards chancellor and treasurer of the realm. He was a great lover of books, and wrote a "Philo-Bibloner, or De Amore Librorum." Died in 1345.
ANGHIER´A, Pietro-Martire d', or Petrus Martyr, an historical writer, born at Arona, on Lake Maggiore, in 1455. In 1477 he visited Rome; and in 1488 accompanied Lopez Mendoza, the Spanish ambassador to the court of Ferdinand and Isabella, and took service in the army against the Moors of Grenada. In 1494 he entered into orders, and was afterwards employed in various diplomatic missions in Venice and in Egypt. He ultimately became prior of the cathedral of Grenada, where he died in 1526. His works are—"Opus Epistolarum;" and "De rebus oceanicis et orbe nova decades:" Alcala, 1530.—F.
ANGILBERT, a poet, styled the Homer of his age. He had studied under Alcuin, the preceptor of Charlemagne; and having gained the esteem of that prince, and the hand of his daughter Bertha, he was appointed chief minister at the court of Pepin, king of Italy, and afterwards governor of one of the maritime districts of France, and finally secretary and minister of his royal patron. Undazzled by these marks of distinction, Angilbert, with the consent of his wife, retired into the monastery of St. Riquier, of which, in 794, he became abbot He wrote a laudatory poem addressed to King Pepin; some elegiac verses on the patron saint of his monastery; a few epitaphs and inscriptions; and a history of the Abbey of Centule or St. Riquier. Died 814.—F.
ANGIOLELLO or ANZOLLELO, Giovanni-Maria, an Italian litterateur, who was a native of Vicenza, and was taken prisoner by the Turks in 1469. He accompanied the army of Mahomet II. on the expedition in 1473 against the king of Persia, and wrote an account of the expedition after his return to his native land. It is said that he likewise composed a life of Mahomet. He was still alive in 1524.
ANGIOLI´NI, Francesco, an Italian jesuit, born in 1738, who translated into Italian the history of Josephus (Verona, 1780), and also some of the tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides (Rome, 1782). When Catherine afforded an asylum in her dominions to the jesuits, Angiolini went into Russia. He wrote a MS. history of his order from its establishment in the Russian empire, and died in 1788.
ANGIVILLER, Count Charles-Claude-Labillarderie d', a French statesman, who was so zealous a patron of literature and the fine arts, that he was accused, in 1790, of a prodigal expenditure of the public money for their encouragement, and obliged to quit France. He first fled to Russia, and ultimately settled in Germany, where he died in 1810.
ANGLA´DA, Joseph, a French physician, born at Perpignan in 1775, author of the following works:—"Diss. sur les connaissances et les qualitiés necessaires au medecin," Montpellier, 1797; "Memoires pour servir à l'histoire generale des eaux minerales," &c., Paris, 1827; "Traité des eaux minerales et des etablissements thermaux," &c., Paris, 1833; and "Traité de toxicologie generale," &c., Paris, 1835. Died in 1833.
ANGLEBERME, Jean-Pyrrhus d', a French lawyer, born at Orleans, 1470, who was one of the pupils of Erasmus, and afterwards professor of law in the university of his native city. He was appointed by Francis I. a member of the council of state at Milan; and having entered the military profession, he lost his life by the explosion of a magazine in 1521. He left a number of works of considerable learning on a variety of subjects, as well as that of law.—F.
ANGLESEY, Marquis. See Paget.
ANGLURE, Oger d', a Frenchman, who—having visited Palestine and Egypt at the close of the fourteenth century—wrote an interesting account of his travels, which was first printed in 1621, in 8vo.
ANGO, Pierre, a French jesuit and professor of mathematics, author of works on optics, fortification, &c. Flourished in the seventeenth century.
ANGO or ANGOT, an enterprising seaman and shipowner of Dieppe. The Portuguese having in 1530 plundered several of his vessels, Angot equipped a squadron, blockaded Lisbon, and finally obtained ample compensation. After entertaining his sovereign, Francis I., with more than royal splendour, he lent that monarch a large sum of money. Subsequently he was unsuccessful in various enterprises, and applied in vain for payment of the loan. Died in 1551, at Dieppe, in great poverty.—E. M.
ANGOT, Robert, a French poet of some merit, born at Caen in 1581.
ANGOULEME, Duc d', third son of Francis I. Died at an early age, without issue. Charles IX. of France, also, bore the title of Duc d'Angouleme till his accession.
ANGOULEME, Charles de Valois, Duc d', a natural son of Charles IX., and of Marie Touchet, and a natural brother of the Marchioness of Verneuil, mistress of Henri IX., was born in 1573, and died in 1650. Trained from an early age for the order of Malta, he became, in 1589, prior of France; but quitted the order in 1591, and married a daughter of Marshal d'Amville, afterwards Duc de Montmorenci. Having received, in 1589, by royal grant, the countries of Clermont-Auvergne and Lauraguais, Charles de Valois was long known as Count d'Auvergne. He held a command in the royal army at the siege of Paris, when Henri III. was assassinated. Entering the service of Henri IV., he distinguished himself at the battles of Ivry and Fontaine Français, and on various other occasions. For parti-
