English. He was arrested, and desired to cry "Vive Louis XVII.," but refused, and was condemned to death.—G. M.
BAYLEY, Sir John, Bart., and baron of the exchequer, called to the bar at Gray's inn in June 22, 1792; appointed serjeant-at-law in 1799; made one of the justices of king's bench in 1808. His "Summary of the Law of Bills of Exchange," &c., first published in 1789, is considered a standard book. In November, 1830, he was removed from the king's bench to the post of baron of the exchequer. On his retirement in 1834 he was sworn a member of the privy council, and created a baronet. He died at Vine House, near Seven Oaks, October 10, 1841, aged seventy-eight.—T. F.
BAYLIE, Richard, D.D., and chaplain to Archbishop Laud, and afterwards president of St. John's college, Oxford. He was the author of "An Answere to Mr. Fisher's Relation of a Third Conference between a certain B[ishop] (as he stiles him) and himselfe," by R. B.; London, 1624, fol.
BAYLIES, William, M.D. of Edinburgh; born in 1724. He first settled as a physician at Bath, and published in 1757, "Reflections on the Uses and Abuses of Bath Waters," which involved him in a dispute with Drs. Lucas and Oliver. Having retired to Prussia, where he was appointed physician to Frederick II., he died at Berlin, March 2, 1787.
BAYLY, Anselm, LL.D., was appointed, layman of St. Peter's, Westminster, January 22, 1740-41, and sub-dean of the chapel-royal, London, in 1764. He was the author of "A practical treatise on singing and playing with just expression and real elegance," 1771, 8vo; "The alliance of music, poetry, and oratory," 1789, 8vo; and "A collection of anthems used in his majesty's chapel-royal, and most cathedral churches," 1769, 8vo.—E. F. R.
BAYLY, Lewis, D.D., bishop of Bangor, 1616-31; a native of Carmarthen; fellow of Jesus' college, Oxford; minister of Evesham, Worcestershire, in 1611. In 1613 he became D.D., and was successively made rector of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, London, and one of the chaplains to James I. He wrote a book in high esteem, entitled "The Practice of Piety." He died October 6, 1631.—T. F.
BAYLY, Dr. Thomas, youngest son of Dr. Lewis Bayly, educated at Cambridge, during the civil wars passed some time at Oxford, and took his degrees at that university. After a short residence on the continent, whither he retired after witnessing the siege of Ragland castle, he published his "Certamen Religiosum, or a Conference between King Charles I. and Henry, late Marquis of Worcester, concerning Religion, in Ragland Castle," 1646—a volume, the groundwork of which must be regarded as exceedingly hypothetical. For his next publication, "The Royal Charter granted unto Kings," &c., he was imprisoned in Newgate. He effected his escape in the following year, went to Holland, and thence travelled over various countries, to find at last an obscure grave somewhere in Italy. His other works are—that in which he declared himself a convert to papacy, "The End of Controversy," &c., Douay, 1654; and "The Golden Apophthegms of King Charles I.," &c., 1660.—J. S., G.
BAYLY, Thomas Haynes, a popular lyrical poet, born in 1798; died 22nd April, 1839. He was born in good circumstances, but his latter years were spent in great poverty. He was the author of many popular songs, two or three novels, and about thirty pieces for the stage.
BAYLY, William, an English astronomer. In 1769 he was sent by the Royal Society to the North Cape to observe the transit of Venus. He accompanied Captain Cook on his voyage round the world; was astronomer to the ships Resolution and Discovery on their voyage to the Northern Pacific Ocean, and on his return to England, after each expedition, published the results of his observations. He died in 1810, three years after his retirement from the mastership of the Royal Academy at Portsmouth, which he had held from 1785—J. S., G.
BAYLY, William, D.D., bishop of Clonfert in 1644; a native of Scotland, educated at Glasgow (but D.D. of Oxford), having been driven out of his country by the covenanters, fled into Ireland, and afterwards joined Charles I. at Oxford, where he was consecrated by Archbishop Usher, May 2, 1644. He died at Clonfert, August 11, 1664.—T. F.
BAYNE, ___, the captain of an English vessel, died 9th April, 1782. He was the inventor of that well-known implement of destruction called a caronade, from the Latin caro, a chair. Three days after the naval combat between Admiral Rodney and the count de Grasse, Bayne, while exhibiting the effect produced by one of his caronades, was struck by a bullet and killed on the spot.—G. M.
BAYNE, James, one of the earliest ministers of the Relief church, was born in 1710, at Bonhill in Dumbartonshire, of which his father was the parochial incumbent. He was educated at the university of Glasgow, where he took the degree of A.M. On receiving license as a preacher, he was presented to the church of Killearn, adjoining his birthplace, and there he laboured diligently and successfully for a considerable number of years. Unfortunately, for his own comfort, he was induced to undertake a collegiate charge in the High Church of Paisley. Some differences having arisen between him and his colleague, the celebrated Mr. Wotherspoon, respecting the election of a precentor, the case was brought under the notice of the presbytery. The decision of that reverend body was unfavourable to Mr. Bayne, who felt himself so much aggrieved by the decision, that he resolved to join the new sect called the Presbytery of Relief; and on the 13th of February, 1766, he was inducted as minister of a large chapel, which had been recently built in Edinburgh, in connection with that body. Though Mr. Bayne, in taking this step, does not appear to have contemplated a separation from the established church, the general assembly so strongly disapproved of his conduct, that he was formally deposed at its next meeting. In 1770 Mr. Bayne preached and published a sermon upon Foote's Minor, which produced so great an impression against that scoffing drama, that the author found it necessary to reply to the attack, by publishing an apology for the Minor, in a letter to the Rev. Mr. Bayne, by Samuel Foote, Esq. Mr. Bayne was a man of excellent abilities, and extensive acquirements, and enjoyed a high reputation as a preacher. A volume of his sermons was published about forty years after his death, which took place on 17th January, 1790.—J. T.
BAYNHAM, James, an English lawyer, died in 1530. Being accused of heresy, he was imprisoned in the tower of London, and subjected to the torture. He was set at liberty, but was soon after again arrested on the charge of denying the real presence in the eucharist. He was condemned to the stake, and suffered death with the greatest fortitude.—G. M.
BAZANCOURT, Jean-Baptiste-Marin-Antoine Legat de, a French general, born at Val-de-Molle, Oise, 19th March, 1767; died 17th January, 1830. He was appointed captain in 1791, and the following year took part in the campaign of Italy. In the year VIII. he joined the army of Egypt, in which he obtained the rank of chef de bataillon and distinguished himself at the siege of Acre, where he was wounded. In 1802 he was named colonel of the fourth regiment of infantry, and in 1805 was engaged in the battle of Austerlitz. In 1806 he was chosen commander of the legion of honour, and in 1808 made general-of-brigade and a baron of the empire.—G. M.
BAZHENOV, Vassilii Ivanovitch, a celebrated Russian architect, born at Moscow in 1737. While quite a boy, he evinced such an ardent love for drawing and such a talent for the art, that he was admitted into the Architectural School of Moscow, and afterwards transferred to the Fine Arts Academy of St. Petersburg. The directors of the latter institution, in 1761, sent him to pursue his studies at Paris and Rome, in both of which cities, particularly the latter, his talents elicited lavish encomiums from distinguished artists. On his return to Russia he was introduced at the court of Catherine, who took him into her service as chief architect. In that character he was intrusted with the preparation of plans for the entire remodelling of the Kremlin, a project which not even the mistress of all the Russias could possibly have carried out, but which, realized artistically in his model, conferred an enduring celebrity on the name of Bazhenov. He afterwards lost favour with the empress, on account, it has been said, of his having corresponded with foreign masonic societies; but he again became court architect on the accession of Paul I., who gave him an estate with a thousand serfs, the order of St. Anne, and various other dignities. His last great work was the design of the magnificent Kazan church of St. Petersburg, a structure, the architectural honours of which, as it was not commenced till 1801, two years after the death of Bazhenov, have been sometimes claimed for the artist who superintended its erection.—J. S., G.
BAZIN, Anais de Raucon, a French historian, born at Paris in 1799; died 1850. By profession an advocate, he at the same time devoted himself to literature, and won several acade-
