ville which had great success. In 1803 he became member of the Academy of Lyons. He now began to study Greek, and in 1815 published a translation of Homer, said to be the best French translation, and to have preserved the simplicity, grace, and splendour of the original. He has, we regret to say, fallen into the heresy of Vico and Wolff, and contends against the true faith of one only Homer. For the last four years of his life Dugas was representative of Lyons, and was very useful on all commercial questions. He died in 1834, bequeathing his library to his birthplace, with funds for its maintenance.—J. A., D.
DUGDALE, Sir William, Knight Garter King of Arms, a very celebrated antiquary and genealogist, was born at Shustock, near Coleshill, county Warwick, September 12, 1605. His father was John Dugdale, gentleman of that place, M.A. of St. John's college, Oxford; and his mother Elizabeth, daughter of Arthur Swynfen of Dunchurch, a younger son of William Swynfen, Esq., of Swynfen, county Stafford. The family of Dugdale had long resided in Lancashire, and were established at Clitheroe in that county. When young Dugdale was about seven years of age, he received his first instruction in "gramér learning" from Mr. Thomas Sibley, curate of Nether Whitacre, a town at no great distance from Shustock. From this place he was removed at the age of ten to the free school of Coventry, then under the superintendence of Mr. James Crauford, with whom he remained until he had attained the age of fifteen, when he returned home to his father, and read with him Littleton's Tenures, and some other law books and history. In two years after, his father growing old, and being anxious to see his son settled in life, the future antiquary married Margery, second daughter of John Huntback of Seawall in Staffordshire. This event took place on the 17th March, 1622, and he then left his home to "table with his wife's father, taking upon him some petit employment." Upon the death of his own parent, July 4, 1624, he set up housekeeping at Fillongley, near Shustock, where he had inherited a small estate called Hollow Oak house. But in 1625 he parted with it, having bought Blythe hall in the same neighbourhood, which still remains the seat of his descendant. Here it was that he composed or planned most of his books, particularly the "Antiquities of Warwickshire," one of the earliest and the best of our county histories. As his fame became more diffused, so did the circle of his antiquarian acquaintance. By Burton, the historian of Leicestershire, he was introduced to Sir Simon Archer of Tamworth, a great Warwickshire collector, who assisted him with the materials he had got together, and brought him acquainted with most of the gentlemen of the county, "who, being desirous, through Sir Simon's incitation, to preserve the honour of their families by some such public work as Mr. Burton had done by those in Leicestershire, did willingly afford him the sight of their old deeds and evidences." Again the antiquarian circle widened. Sir Simon having persuaded Dugdale to accompany him to London, introduced him to the celebrated Spelman, who was then fourscore years of age, and who, being much struck by the young antiquary's knowledge, recommended him to Thomas, earl of Arundel, earl marshal, and thus secured his admission to the college of arms. Nor did the kindness of Sir Henry Spelman rest here, for soon afterwards he made Dugdale acquainted with Roger Dodsworth, a Yorkshire gentleman, who had accumulated an immense body of material touching the ancient monasteries. To this fortunate introduction, the world is indebted for Dugdale's greatest work, the "Monasticon Anglicanum;" for had not these treasures been intrusted to his able hands, it is probable that they would long have remained a mere indigesta moles—an accumulation valuable indeed, but without light and without order—a mass of stone hewn and shaped from the quarry, but wanting the skill of the architect to fashion it into a regular and perfect building. His industry, however, was not confined to working on the labours of others. The tempest of civil war began to be heard, rolling nearer and nearer, and he determined to employ the brief interval of quiet yet left to him, in searching and transcribing every document and record that might be useful in carrying out the works that he had more or less forward in conception. This he did in St. Paul's cathedral, Westminster abbey, Peterboro', Ely, Norwich, Lincoln, Beverley, York, Chester, Lichfield, and, in fact, in almost all those cathedrals and churches wherein any tombs or inscriptions were to be found. When, at length, the great civil war broke out, King Charles commanded Dugdale's attendance as pursuivant of arms, and in that capacity he followed the royal army, and made proclamation on several memorable occasions. He summoned the castles of Banbury and Warwick to surrender, and at one time we find him acting as a guide to a party of soldiers sent, under Sir Richard Willis, to fetch off the garrison of Kenilworth castle; his knowledge of the county peculiarly qualifying him for such an office. They effected their object with much expedition, yet not so fast but that they were set upon by a body of parliamentarians on their way back. These they had the good fortune to rout, making a few prisoners; and Dugdale, the pursuivant, was despatched to the king at Nottingham with the glad tidings. Oxford was now made the chief abode of the king and his court; in fact, it was the stronghold of the royal party; and Dugdale, taking advantage of the occasion, was admitted master of arts. Here he remained for four years, his estate being sequestered, and here he was created Chester herald, April 16, 1644. Yet all these various cares and avocations were not sufficient to fill up the time of one whose industry was so indomitable. He found leisure to continue his researches for his "History of Warwickshire," to ransack the Bodleian for information for the "Monasticon," and to keep a minute diary, not only of what passed in the city in which he was sojourning, but also of the many stirring events that were daily and hourly occurring in other parts of the kingdom. The surrender of Oxford made another change in the fortunes of Dugdale; or rather, we should say, restored him to that private life which was more congenial to his habits. The result was the production under great difficulties and outlay of the first volume of the "Monasticon" (eventually completed in three volumes), and of the "Antiquities of Warwickshire." Better times were now about to dawn upon our antiquary. The people had grown weary of their fanatical masters; and Charles II. was about to be restored to the throne of his ancestors, when, to prevent the importunity of others. Sir Edward Hyde, then lord chancellor, petitioned the king on behalf of Dugdale for the office of norroy king of arms, which had become vacant by the death of Henry St. George. This was readily granted, when the new heraldic king hastened at once by his energy and diligence to show himself worthy of his new honours, as the books of his visitations of the several counties remaining in the office of arms sufficiently make manifest. In the year following, 1661, appeared the second volume of the "Monasticon;" and we next find him engaged upon a work that might have been imagined alienum a Scævolæ negotiis, a historical work on "Embanking and Draining the Fenns and Marshes of the Kingdom." Then followed his famous "Origines Judiciales;" and not long after, his great work on the "Baronage of England," which, though far from faultless, exhibits an extraordinary spirit of research, and a conscientious exactness that was seldom if ever satisfied with anything short of the evidence of his own eyes. As illustrating the history of the peerage families of England, this work is unrivalled; it is still the first authority on the subject—the text-book of genealogists. A writer so truly honest and learned might well be thought entitled to the highest rewards usual to his profession; and in this same year, 1677, he was created garter king of arms, receiving also the honour of knighthood at Whitehall. After a few years' enjoyment of this last dignified office. Sir William Dugdale died at Blythe hall on the 10th February, 1685; and his body, being conveyed to the parochial church of Shustock, was there deposited in a stone-coffin in a little vault, which he had some time before caused to be made under the north side of the edifice. Over the vault is a large tomb of freestone in form of an altar, with his arms, impaling his wife's, carved on the side; and above it is a mural tablet of white marble with an inscription to his memory. His best epitaph, however, is to be found in his numerous works, and the repute his writings are held in even unto this day. Not many years since a splendid edition of the "Monasticon" was produced under the auspices of Sir Henry Ellis and Dr. Badinel. Dugdale's only son, Sir John Dugdale, became norroy king of arms.—B. B.
DUGES, Antoine Louis, a celebrated French accoucheur, physiologist, and naturalist. This extraordinary man was born at Mézières, Ardennes, on the 19th of December, 1797, and died at Montpellier on the 1st of May, 1838. He was descended from a long line of medical ancestors, and commenced the study of medicine in Paris in 1816. In 1817 he was made an interne in one of the hospitals, and was appointed prosector of anatomy
