labours and inventions bring nothing but fame, and sometimes not much even of that. From his childhood he showed a decided aptitude for mechanics. He commenced his career by making improvements in the harp and organ; but received no pecuniary benefit from his ingenuity. A great opportunity however soon offered itself. He was commissioned to build an organ for the cathedral of his native town; but the Revolution breaks out, and the vision of 400,000 francs instantly melts away. His next great undertaking was the construction of a steamboat, which was launched at Bercy on the Seine in 1803. Attempts at steam-navigation had, it is true, already been made; but in the vessel constructed by Dallery there seem to have been some contrivances peculiarly his own. So much at least was admitted by the Academy when his son-in-law applied to have his patent, which he had destroyed in disgust, re-established.—R. M., A.
DALLINGTON, Sir Robert, a celebrated writer, died in 1637 at the age of seventy-six. He was a native of Geddington in Northamptonshire, and was, according to Thomas Fuller, "bred a bible clerk in Bene't college, and after became a schoolmaster in Norfolk." Wood, however, says he was a Greek scholar in Pembroke Hall. In 1583 appeared "A Book of Epitaphes, made upon the Death of the Right Worshipfull Sir William Buttes," a publication consisting of poems in Latin and English, some of which were contributed by Thomas Corbold, Henrie Grosnolde, &c. It is now extremely rare. Dallington travelled in Italy, and on his return published a "Survey of the Great Duke's State in Tuscany in the year 1596," and "A Method for Travell, showed by taking the view of France as it stood in 1598." He became secretary to Francis, earl of Rutland, was afterwards admitted of the privy chamber to Prince Charles, and, finally, obtained the appointment of master of the charterhouse. His last work is entitled "Aphorismes, Civil and Military, amplified with authorities, and exemplified with history out of the first quaterne of Fr. Guicciardini." Fuller says—"He had an excellent wit and judgment."—R. M., A.
DALMATIN, George, a learned Lutheran divine, was a native of Sclavonia, and flourished in the sixteenth century. He translated, in 1568, Luther's German Bible into the language of his native country. This version was about to be printed by John Manlius at Laybach, when Charles, archduke of Austria, whose bigotry was roused into intolerance by the benevolent design, issued an order prohibiting its impression in any part of the Austrian dominions. The states of Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola would not, however, suffer their purpose to be so frustrated. They sent Dalmatin, accompanied by Adain Bohoritsch, evangelic rector at Laybach, to Wittemberg, with recommendations to the elector of Saxony. Under his protection the work was completed in 1584. After a journey to Dresden for the purpose of thanking the elector for his patronage, Dalmatin returned to his own country. He was afterwards presented by Christopher, baron of Aursperg, to the benefice of St. Khaziam in the diocese of the patriarch of Aquileia. Banished, however, in 1598, in consequence of a sentence procured against him by the Romanists, who injuriously denominated him George Cavale, (Jure Kobila), he found an asylum with the baron of Aursperg, who concealed him in a vaulted apartment below the stables of the castle, thence called Dalmatin's den.—R. M., A.
DALRYMPLE, the name of an ancient and distinguished Scottish family. In remote times the chief of the house was proprietor of the estate of Dalrymple in the county of Ayr, from which the family name was derived. In the reign of Robert III. Duncan Dalrymple held the office of toscheodorach, or principal executive officer of the crown, in Nithsdale, and in 1462 James de Dalrymple was clericus regis. The first great man of the family, however, was—
James Dalrymple, first Viscount Stair, and the greatest jurist Scotland has produced. He was born at Drummurchie in the parish of Barr, in the shire of Ayr, in May, 1619. He received his education at the parish school of Mauchline and the university of Glasgow, where he took the degree of A.M. in 1637. In the following year, on the breaking out of the civil war, he obtained a captain's commission in the covenanting army, raised to resist the innovations of Charles I. on the religious rights of the Scottish people. In 1641 he was appointed to the chair of philosophy in the university of Glasgow, and demitted his office when, in 1643, he married Margaret Ross, co-heiress of the estate of Balneil in Wigtonshire, but was immediately re-elected. He held his chair for six years, during which he discharged his academical duties with marked success, and, at the same time, zealously devoted himself to the study of the classics, and especially of civil law. In 1647 he resigned his chair, and was admitted an advocate on the 17th of February, 1648. he soon acquired a high professional reputation, and attained to unrivalled pre-eminence, both in the knowledge and application of the principles of law. In 1649, after the execution of Charles I., Dalrymple was appointed secretary to the commissioners sent by the Scottish parliament to Breda to treat with Charles II. for his return to Scotland. He held the same office to the commissioners appointed to negotiate with the young king in the following year, and was on that occasion particularly noted by Charles for his abilities, sincerity, and moderation. During the protectorate he was appointed a judge by Cromwell, on the recommendation of Monk, who characterized him as "a very honest man, a good lawier, and one of a considerable estate." At the Restoration he was allowed to retain his place, and obtained the honour of knighthood. But two years later, when required to take the declaration condemning the covenant, Dalrymple refused to do so, and resigned his office, but was restored on 21st April, 1664. On the 2nd of June following he was created a baronet. In 1676 he was appointed lord-president of the court of session, and discharged the duties of that office with transcendent ability and success. As a member of the privy council, he was indirectly implicated in the wretched administration of Lauderdale; but he cautiously avoided taking any active part in the flagrant misdeeds that disgraced the reign of Charles II. and his brother. After the expulsion of James VII., the president indignantly denied the charge of having been "author, actor, or approver of the cruelties of the former reigns." His moderation at length gave offence to the court, and on his refusal to subscribe the notorious test oath in 1681 (see Archibald Campbell, ninth earl of Argyll), he was deprived of his office, and compelled to take refuge in Holland, about the close of 1682. A short time before this he had published his great work, "The Institutions of the Law of Scotland," which still continues to be the principal text-book of Scottish lawyers. This profound and luminous treatise shows that its author was not only possessed of a powerful and philosophic intellect, but that his mind was thoroughly imbued with a knowledge of ancient literature and philosophy, as well as of jurisprudence. During his exile he published, through the Edinburgh press, his "Decisions of the Court of Session from 1661 to 1681," and in 1686 he published at Leyden a scientific treatise entitled "Physiologia Nova Experimentalis," which received a very favourable notice from the learned Bayle. Meanwhile he did not cease to take an interest in his native land, and in the sufferings of the covenanters. He was privy to the unfortunate attempt of Argyll, which had nearly involved him in utter ruin. Notwithstanding his habitual caution, he unhesitatingly perilled his fortune on the success of the enterprise undertaken by William of Orange. This circumstance, together with his great sagacity and profound erudition, gained him the esteem and confidence of that prince, who loaded him with honours, and listened with respectful attention to his advice. On the assassination of Sir George Lockhart by Chiesly of Dairy in 1689, Dalrymple was restored to the presidency of the court of session, and was raised to the peerage by the title of Viscount Stair. The comfort of his later years, however, was disturbed by political animosities and family misfortunes, and his conduct was violently attacked in the parliament and through the press. The high church party were hostile to him, as one of their most formidable opponents. The disappointed aspirants for place keenly resented the preference given to the president and his son, while the stern presbyterians regarded them with ineradicable suspicion. But Lord Stair had other and much deeper sources of suffering. The misfortunes of his family, as Lord Macaulay remarks, have furnished poets and novelists with the materials for the darkest and most heart-rending tales, and were enumerated with malignant satisfaction by his political and personal enemies. One of his sons was accidentally poisoned. Another of them, in a convulsive fit, fell into the fire, and had half his face burnt off. One of his daughters—the prototype of the Bride of Lammermoor—stabbed her bridegroom on the wedding night. One of his grandsons was, in boyish sport, killed by his younger brother. His wife, a woman of great ability and art, but of a violent domineering temper, who brought him a considerable estate
