labours in behalf of this object were assiduous and persevering, but they were productive of no important practical results. Disheartened by his want of success, Dury, apparently about the year 1674, widened his basis, and attempted the reunion of all christians, Roman catholics as well as protestants, by means of a new interpretation of the Apocalypse; and for this he laboured diligently during the rest of his life. The second project proved, as might have been anticipated, more abortive than the first, and excited against its author very general feelings of distrust and aversion. He was regarded by many rather as a person of loose and latitudinarian views than of enlarged christian sympathies. The date of his death is unknown; but it is certain that for some years he lived in Hesse, on a pension which had been bestowed upon him by Hedwige Sophia, the wife of the landgrave. Though enthusiastic and somewhat impracticable, there is evidence in the writings of Dury, as well as in the testimony of his contemporaries—such as Mede, Baxter, Bishop Hall, and Robert Boyle—that he was a person of extensive learning, great benevolence, unyielding perseverance, and moral worth.—J. B. J.
DU RYER, André, an oriental scholar, born at Marcigny in Burgundy in 1580. Appointed consul at Alexandria, he devoted himself to the study of oriental literature. He published a grammar of the Turkish language, and translated the Koran and other curious works. The year of his death is not certain, but he lived to a good old age.—J. F. C.
DU RYER, Pierre, poet, born in Paris in 1606. Although secretary to a prince of the blood, and appointed historiographer to the king, he did not benefit much by patronage, for his life was one of continued poverty. Nor could his misfortunes be attributable to ill conduct, for he was of domestic habits, and a kind family man. His poor wife and himself passed their days, it was said, in mutual admiration; he regarding her as the best of household managers, and she lauding him as the greatest of poets. His tragedies—and he wrote several—were of no common order, and there are scenes which have been thought worthy of comparison with some written by Corneille. Yet in order to eke out existence, he was obliged to work at translations from the Latin for booksellers, who paid him badly. He died in 1658.—J. F. C.
DUSART, Cornelius, a Dutch painter, born at Harlem in 1665, was one of the best pupils of Van Ostade, to whose style and choice of subjects he faithfully adhered. His paintings contain many figures, and display a great power of rendering the different stages of passions and feelings. Amongst his works are noted "A Fishmarket, and Sundry Scenes in the Tap at Amsterdam;" "A Village-Féte at Vienna;" "A Fight of Boors at Dresden." He died in 1704.—R. M.
DUSAULCHOY DE BERGEMONT, Joseph François Nicholas, was born at Toul in 1761, and died in 1835. Before the great revolution, French writers, who could not obtain permission from the censor for publication at home, usually repaired to Holland, where the press was free. Amsterdam became one of the chief centres of publicity, and there it was that Dusaulchoy settled, in order to superintend the printing of French books, while he conducted a newspaper devoted to literature and politics. On the outbreak of the French revolution he repaired to Paris, where he became associated with Camille Desmoulins. Feeling shocked at the excesses of the jacobins, he separated from the party, and dared to advocate more moderate opinions, for which he was imprisoned, and only escaped the guillotine through the change which overthrew Robespierre. Employed under Napoleon, and dismissed for his independence, he, on the restoration of constitutional government, set the example of reporting the debates of the chambers. In his old age a small pension was conferred on him, which enabled him to retire to the environs, and dignify his leisure with the composition of verses far above mediocrity.—J. F. C.
DUSCH, Johann Jacob, a German poet and miscellaneous writer, was born at Celle, February 12, 1725, and died, December 18, 1787, at Altona, where since 1766 he had held a professorship. He especially wrote didactic poems, "Der Tempel der Liebe," "Die. Wissenschaften," &c. Among his prose works his "Briefe zur Bildung des Geschmacks," and "Der Verlobte zweier Bräute," had the greatest run.—K. E.
DUSSAULX, Jean, born in 1728; died in 1799. Educated in Paris at the college of Louis le Grand; went into the army; gambled, and wrote a book against gambling. At Luneville became acquainted with King Stanislaus; was made a member of the Academie de Nancy. In 1770 published a translation of Juvenal. In 1776 was secretary to the duc d'Orleans. In 1789 the old man threw himself with vehemence into the Revolution; made speeches of congratulation on the taking of the bastile, and published pamphlets. In the convention he voted against the death of Louis; was himself imprisoned and released by the death of Robespierre. Soon after he moved that the nation should erect an expiatory altar for the blood unjustly shed. He published an interesting pamphlet on Rousseau, between whom and him there had been some relations of temporary friendship.—J. A., D.
DUSSEK, Johann Ludwig or Ladislaus, the pianist and composer, was born at Czaslau or Haslau in Bohemia, 9th February, 1761, and died at Paris in March, 1812. His father, Johann Joseph, was organist of the collegiate church in the town where Dussek was born, and held the office of principal teacher there; both of which appointments were conferred upon him at the very early age of twenty, in consequence of his rare abilities. He was born at Wlazowicz in 1739; he married Veronica, daughter of the judge of Haslau, in 1760; fulfilled his public functions until 1808, and died in 1811. He composed some pieces of merit for his own church, and was very greatly respected. He is said to have spelled his name Dussik, the orthography of which was altered by his sons.
The first fruit of a marriage of love, Johann Ludwig, was the object of his parents' special care; and the circumstances of the household in which he was reared were as favourable to the development of his natural musical talent as to the nurture of his kindly disposition. His father gave him lessons in his art during his very early years, and he played the pianoforte in public at the age of six, and accompanied the service on the organ at the age of nine. The advantages of his first instructions were followed up by his being placed as a singing boy in the choir at Iglau, the master of which. Padre Ladislaus Spenar, taught him counterpoint. A mass, written by him when thirteen years old, and several small oratorios to German words, preserved in his father's church, prove his early proficiency in the art of composition. On the breaking of his voice, he became a student in the jesuits' college; thence he went to Kuttenberg as organist to the church of St. Barbara, where he continued his course of reading; and he completed his literary studies at the university of Prague, at which he remained for two years and a half, and where he took a bachelor's degree in philosophy. It is said that he received great assistance in his musical pursuits while resident in the Bohemian capital from a Benedictine monk; and it is certain that, whatever his application to letters, he never neglected to exercise himself in his art. He quitted the university in 1779, when Count Männer, a captain in the imperial artillery who had taken great interest in his talent, procured him an engagement as organist at the church of St. Rombaut in Malines. He did not long remain at this place, but went to Bergen-op-Zoom, where he appeared as a pianist with such success as encouraged him to proceed to Amsterdam, and there he much increased his reputation. This became so great, and was so deserved, that the stadtholder engaged Dussek to teach his children, and he accordingly resided for a twelvemonth at the Hague. It was there that he published his first three works, consisting of a set of three concertos and two sets of six sonatas for the pianoforte, with accompaniments, and thus made a characteristic commencement of his remarkably prolific career. It would seem that this fact of publication made him dissatisfied with his productions; for shortly after these pieces appeared in print, Dussek went to Hamburg to place himself under the tuition of Emanuel Bach, by which he always professed himself to have profited. He next visited Berlin, where he obtained great distinction as a pianist, and was little less admired for his playing on the harmonica (a modification of the musical glasses, invented by Benjamin Franklin); nay, some critics pretend to trace to his skill upon this instrument many of his specialities of style both as a pianist and composer, assuming that his sensitiveness to quality of tone, and his love of harmonic refinement, were developed, if not originated, by his practice upon what musicians can but regard as an ingenious plaything. Dussek now formed the resolution of visiting Petersburg, but, it appears, never reached that city. Meeting, on the way thither. Prince Carl Radziwil, he accepted the liberal proposals of this enlightened dilletante, and spent two years in Lithuania in his service. In 1786 he gave up his engagement to
