on the premises, when he caught cold from exposure. Pleurisy ensued, of which he died on the 2nd December, 1791. Flood is justly entitled to be reckoned amongst the great men of his time. He had few superiors as an orator, and not many as a master of reasoning and a politician. His rival Grattan said of him—"Give him the thunderbolt, and he had the arm of a Jupiter." Mr. Wills has briefly, yet faithfully, sketched his character—"His style line, well arranged, simple, and perspicuous; his method of reasoning always ingenious and full of art, frequently just, forcible, and satisfactory; he was master of the general elements of constitutional polity, and on many occasions used his knowledge with a power which cannot easily be overrated. In the earlier part of his public life, though living among eminent men, he was without a rival. In later years, when placed side by side with a few who were of more ascendant powers, and who claimed an equal place, he was, we cannot help feeling, in a considerable degree affected by a temper not framed to be patient. Generous, honourable, kindly-affectioned, and a sincere lover of Ireland, his character was deeply tinctured with pride and self-importance; and as life advanced, in the strife with party and individual, a large portion of acrimony appears to have been mingled in the mass." Let us not forget, too, that Flood was a scholar of no mean note, and the friend of scholars; and his correspondence, both literary and political, with Lord Charlemont, shows the estimation in which he was deservedly held. His munificent devise to Trinity college, Dublin, to the value of £5000 a year, to found and maintain a professorship of Irish, and to give premiums for compositions in that and the English language, though set aside by a court of law, makes his memory deservedly dear in his native land.—J. F. W.
* FLOR, Christian, one of the most earnest supporters of the Danish language and nationality in Schleswig, was born at Copenhagen on New-Year's day, 1792. He became a student in 1809, theological candidate in 1816, and parish priest of Töllösc in Zealand from 1822 to 1826. In 1825 he received the degree of doctor of philosophy from the university of Kiel, where the following year he was appointed professor of the Danish language and literature. In 1845 he resigned this office, and became director of the Folks high school at Rödding, the establishment of which is due to him; indeed, he is the champion in many ways of the Danish nationality in Schleswig, which he has maintained at considerable sacrifice to himself. He now resides at Fredensborg, and he was elected a member of the diet in 1855 by the Schleswig stœnderforsamling.—M. H.
FLOR, Roger de, one of the most celebrated knight-adventurers of the middle ages, was born at Tarragona, Spain, July 14, 1264. Having become a soldier at an early age, he distinguished himself in several encounters with the Moors, and subsequently entered the order of the Templars. He took part in the last of the crusades, and after the storm of the fortress of St. Jean d'Acre, maintained the place against a superior force of Saracens until the end of 1291. He then assembled a small fleet against the infidels, captured their vessels and ravaged their coasts whenever opportunity offered, and having by these means become famous, as well as opulent, he was called to the assistance of Frederick of Arragon, who disputed the crown of Sicily with the king of Naples. Successful in this undertaking, which brought him the title of admiral and an accession to his riches, he offered his services to the Emperor Andronicus of Constantinople, against the Turks. The offer being accepted, he enrolled two thousand Catalonians, whom he shipped for the seat of war, and at whose head he re-established tranquillity in the empire. Andronicus gave him his niece in marriage, overwhelmed him with wealth and honours, and ultimately granted him the title of Cæsar. This last dignity, however, instead of quelling Roger's ambition, inflamed it to such a degree that he began to conspire against the emperor, aiming at nothing less than the throne for himself. Andronicus, on receiving the news of this conspiracy, resolved to get rid of his powerful subject by the same means as those intended to be employed against himself; and the result was, that Roger was found assassinated one night at the door leading to the apartments of his wife. The date of this fatal event is April 23, 1306. The Catalonians took sanguinary revenge for the death of their leader, by shutting themselves up in the fortress of Gallipoli, and ravaging the surrounding territory for several years.—F. M.
FLORENCE of Worcester, a celebrated monk of the latter part of the eleventh and the beginning of the twelfth century. The precise date of his birth is unknown, and scarcely any particulars of his early life have been recorded. He lived and wrote in the reign of Henry I. of England. He is the earliest of our English chroniclers who wrote after the Norman conquest. He was a man of great erudition and fine intellect. From the frequent perusal of chronicles, such as those of Gildas, Bede, Sigebertus, Marianus Scotus, and others, he became himself a great chronicler. His well-known work entitled "Chronicon ex Chronicis," was published in 1592, 4to, London, under the care of Lord William Howard, the "belted Will Howard" of border tradition; and was reprinted in 1601, folio, Frankfort. It brings down the history from the creation to the close of the year 1118. There is printed along with it a continuation of the history down to the year 1141, by an anonymous writer. Florence is entitled to much greater credit for originality than some writers are disposed to allow. He possessed abundant Saxon materials for his history, and probably derived from the Saxon genealogies such facts as are not recorded elsewhere. He died, July 13, 1118. His "Chronicle," with its continuation, was translated from Latin into English by Holinshed. This translation may be seen in the Harleian MSS.—W. A. B.
* FLORENCOURT, Franz Chassot von, was born at Brunswick, 4th July, 1803. He studied law at the university of Marburg, was mixed up with the Burschenschaft political societies of 1830, was tried for political offences and acquitted. Florencourt principles and later writings are aristocratical. He has since 1851 resided at Vienna, and contributes largely to the German journals. He renounced Lutheranism, and published a pamphlet on what he calls his return "zur christlichen Lehre und christlichen Kirche." His brother Wilhelm is known by writings on juridical and antiquarian subjects.—J. A., D.
FLORENT or FLORIS was the name borne by several of the sovereign counts of Friesland and Holland in the feudal times:—
Florent I., seventh count, inherited at the death of his father Thierry III. a portion, and at the death of his brother Thierry IV. the whole, of the principality He maintained several successful conflicts with his neighbours of Cologne and Brabant, but was surprised and slain in 1062.
Florent II., grandson of the preceding and ninth count, succeeded his father Thierry V. in 1091, at the age of ten years. The wise regency of his mother, Witilda of Saxony, and his own moderation, made his reign a peaceful one; and he died in 1122, leaving the sovereignty to his son Thierry or Theodoric VI.
Florent III., eleventh count, was the eldest son and successor of Thierry VI. He inherited the sceptre in 1157, and in the course of the following year took part in the diet of Roncaglia under Frederick Barbarossa. His reign was troubled by conflicts with the duke of Gueldres, the count of Flanders, and the insurgent West Frisians, in the course of which he was for nearly two years a captive at Bruges. Subsequent successes, however, added the isles of Texel and Woeringen to his dominions. He died in the Holy Land in 1190, having accompanied the crusade of Barbarossa.
Florent IV., fifteenth count, succeeded his father William I. in 1223; and in the following year, though scarcely beyond boyhood, he took the field with his maternal uncle, Gerard IV. of Gueldres, against Otho, bishop of Utrecht. The most memorable event of his reign was the violent tempest of 1230, which burst the dykes, and buried a large and populous tract of Friesland under the waters of the Zuyder Zee. During a war with the Stadingers in 1235, Florent was treacherously slain at a tournament.
Florent V., seventeenth count and grandson of the preceding, succeeded his father William II. in 1254, but did not come of age till fourteen or fifteen years later. He was speedily involved in a war with the turbulent West Frisians, which lasted till 1287. A war with Flanders followed, and was terminated by the defeat of the Flemings in 1295. He was slain in a conspiracy which he had provoked by an outrage on a noble lady, and the countship passed to his son, John I., in 1296.—W. B.
FLORENTINUS, a Roman jurist, the dates of whose birth and death are unknown. He was one of the judicial council of Alexander Severus. Forty-three extracts from his "Institutiones" are preserved in the Corpus Juris.—J. A., D.
FLORES, Juan, a Spanish writer in the beginning of the sixteenth century. His chief work—"La historia de Cerisel y Mirabella, con la disputa de Torellas y Bracayada," first published at Seville in 1524—is a slight tale covering a discussion
