Paris. The university of Oxford conferred upon him the degree of D.C.L. in 1746, and Cambridge that of LL.D. In February, 1750, he was chosen president of the Society of Antiquaries. On the 26th February, 1751, his left side became paralyzed. He lingered nearly three years, and died on the 28th June, 1754. He was buried in the chancel of Hillington church. In 1792 the executors of Mrs. H. Bettenson erected a monument to his memory in the south side of the choir in Westminster abbey. Mr. Folkes was a man of great modesty and integrity, polite and vivacious in his conversation, and his only ambition was to be distinguished as a patron of literature. He possessed a sound judgment, extensive knowledge, and a great facility of expressing with clearness and precision his ideas even upon intricate subjects. His library and collection of coins were sold in 1756. The sale lasted fifty-six days, and realized £3090 5s. Several curious and important manuscripts of his composition were destroyed, in accordance with his own request, because he had not been able to revise them.—W. A. B.
FOLLEN, Adolf Ludwig, a German poet and translator, was born at Giessen, January 21, 1794. While yet a student of theology he served against Napoleon, and after the restoration of peace, and the completion of his studies, became editor of the Allgemeine Zeitung at Elberfeld. He was arrested on suspicion of demagogism, and kept a prisoner for two years. Afterwards he lived in Switzerland, and died at Berne, 26th December, 1855. His lyric poetry was particularly popular with students, whilst his translations from Homer, Tasso, and the Niebelungen, earned the praises of scholars.—K. E.
FOLLEN, Karl, brother of the preceding, and like him a German poet, was born at Giessen, September 3, 1795. He studied law, and began lecturing first at Giessen and afterwards at Jena. Suspected of demagogism he fled, after the murder of Kotzebue, to Switzerland, and when he was persecuted even there emigrated to America, where he became a professor in Harvard university. He lost his life in the conflagration of the Lexington steamboat in January, 1840. By his patriotic songs and his German Grammar, Boston, 13th ed. 1848, he will be remembered in both hemispheres.—K. E.
FOLLETT, Sir William Webb, was the eldest son who reached manhood of the family of Mr. Benjamin Follett, formerly a captain in the 13th foot, but who afterwards settled as a merchant at Topsham, near Exeter, where his son was born in 1798. He received his early education at Exeter grammar-school, and proceeded thence to Trinity college, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1818, and proceeded M.A. in 1821. Soon after taking his B.A. degree, he entered himself as a student of the Inner Temple, and in 1821 commenced practice as a special pleader below the bar. In 1824 he was called to the bar, and joined the western circuit, of which he soon became the acknowledged leader. In December, 1832, he stood an unsuccessful contest for the representation of Exeter in the conservative interest, but two years later was elected, and continued to represent that city without intermission till his death. He at once obtained what is called "the ear of the house," and took as high a position in St. Stephen's as he had taken on the circuit where he was so well known. On the advent of Sir Robert Peel for the first time to power in November, 1834, Mr. Follett was appointed solicitor-general, and received the honour of knighthood, but retired from office with his leader in the following April. On the return of Sir R. Peel to power in September, 1841, he was reappointed solicitor-general, and in 1844 succeeded Sir Frederick Pollock in the attorney-generalship. He had not, however, held the office many months when symptoms of consumption began to show themselves in his constitution, which was naturally delicate, and which had once before given way, under the exertions attendant on his professional duties, soon after being called to the bar. A tour to the south of Europe, and rest from his professional labours, served to arrest the alarming symptoms of his disorder for a time; but for a time only, for soon after his return to England in the spring of 1845, he gradually sank, and died at the residence of a relative in Cumberland Terrace, Regent's Park, on the 28th of June, 1845, at the early age of forty-seven. Sir William was not only a good speaker, but a sound and able lawyer; and had he lived, there is little doubt that he would have risen to the chancellorship. He married in 1830 Jane Mary, eldest daughter of the late Sir Ambrose Harding Gifford, some time chief-justice of Ceylon, by whom he left issue, four sons and two daughters. He was buried in the Temple church, London.—E. W.
FOLO, Giovanni, a distinguished Italian engraver, was born at Bassano in 1764, and practised his profession at Rome, where he died in 1836. Folo was a pupil of Giovanni Volpato, but formed his style on that of Raphael Morghen, of whose followers he was one of the ablest. Working chiefly from the paintings of the great masters of Italy, his style acquired much of the largeness, breadth, and force of the masters he imitated. His line is firm, clear, and flowing, yet varied always in accordance with his subject. Whilst preserving the spirit of his original, he never fails to impart to his prints something of his own. In delicacy and minute finish he has often been surpassed, and his small plates suffer from the absence of these qualities; but his larger works—well drawn, true in expression, and full of life and colour—almost always give a vigorous painter-like transcript of the pictures they represent. His prints include copies of pictures by Michelangelo, Raffaelle, Titian, Domenichino, Guercino, Guido, the Caracci, Rubens, &c., with a few works in sculpture after Canova and Thorwaldsen. One of his best known prints is that of the "Madonna de' Candelabri," after Raffaelle; but the "Adam and Eve," after Titian; the "St. Andrew," after Domenichino; and the "Mater Dolorosa," after Sassoferato—are at least equally good examples of his style.—J. T—e.
FOLQUET or FOLQUES, born at Marseilles about 1160; died in 1231. He first appeared in the character of a troubadour at the court of Alphonso I., count of Provence; afterwards at Marseilles, where he complained bitterly of the severity of the beautiful Adelais, wife of the count of Marseilles. She was faithful to her husband, and Folquet vowed never again to write verse, as his had not the power over her which he had hoped. The vow perhaps was not very serious; at least it soon yielded to the charms of a countess of Montpellier, who listened with deeper devotion to his sirventes. A stronger passion than love was now stirring the bosom of our poet, and he wrote a sirvente summoning the princes of Europe to an Eastern crusade. The poet, however, did not propose to accompany the warriors; he had other views for himself in the church militant. It was the day of the Albigeois, and he felt how important an orthodox bishop might be in the infected district. He was, however, a layman; and lover as he was of countesses, more of them than we have room to mention, he had a wife and children of his own. He put his wife into a convent, and thus the family difficulty was at an end. He then got the bishop of Toulouse deposed for heresy, took his bishopric, and entered upon a western crusade on his own account. Fire, famine, and slaughter accompanied him; and it was under his auspices that St. Dominic, in 1215, established at Toulouse the order of Fratres Predicatores, with whom originated the inquisition. Several of his poems remain; Raynouard has published eleven. It would be rash to deny some merit to them; they have been praised by Petrarch, and Dante has given Folquet a place in his Paradise.—J. A., D.
* FOLTZ, Philip, a distinguished German painter, was born at Bingen on the Rhine, May 11, 1805, and received the first instructions in his art from his father. The reputation of Cornelius attracted him to Munich, where he became the scholar of that painter, and was employed by him on the frescos of the Glyptothek, and in the Hofgarten, painted in 1827-29. The fresco in the arcade of that garden, of the "Foundation of the Academy of Sciences by Maximilian Joseph III. in 1759," is painted by Foltz from his own composition. Foltz's principal work at Munich, however, is the painting of the Schiller saloon in the queen's apartments, in that part of the new palace at Munich known as the Königsbau. He has here introduced many striking compositions from that great poet, which are coloured also with brilliant effect. In this work he was assisted by Ludwig Lindenschmitt; he painted also the Bürger saloon in the palace. After the completion of this palace in 1835, Foltz left Munich for Italy, and spent a few years in Rome, and from this time he devoted himself more particularly to oil-painting. His colouring is very brilliant, and as his subjects are taken mostly from the legends or inventions of the poets, his pictures are both attractive and interesting. He often paints also subjects of common life, especially of the Alps, and treats the landscape portion of his pictures with great skill. Since his visit to Italy he has resided chiefly in Munich.—R. N. W.
FOLZ or VOLZ, Hans, a German meister-singer of the
