amounting it was said to one hundred thousand men, and marched at their head to present another petition to the house of commons against the act. The most violent riots ensued, in the course of which the house of Lord Chief-justice Mansfield, with his valuable library and papers, a number of Roman catholic chapels, and many private dwellings, were totally destroyed. Newgate and other prisons were broken open and burned by a fierce and lawless mob, largely composed of the very lowest of the rabble several hundreds of whom were burned or buried in the ruins of the houses, or were killed in their encounters with the soldiers. The authorities were severely and deservedly blamed for their supineness and imbecility, and Lord George, who was regarded as the prime instigator of the riots, was arraigned and brought to trial (5th Feb. 1781) on a charge of high treason. He was defended by Erskine in one of his finest speeches, and was acquitted. Upwards of forty of the rioters, however, were executed. From this period the conduct of Lord George became more and more eccentric, giving unequivocal indications of aberration of intellect. In 1786 he was excommunicated by the archbishop of Canterbury for his refusal to appear as a witness in an ecclesiastical court. Two years later he was tried and found guilty of libelling the queen of France, the French ambassador, and the English law and crown officers. On this he retired to Holland, but was sent back to England by the magistrates of Amsterdam. He was committed to Newgate in pursuance of the sentence passed on him for libel, and there he spent the remainder of his life. In 1789 he petitioned the national assembly of France to interfere in his behalf; but his request was refused. He died of fever 1st November, 1793. Some years before his death this unhappy nobleman embraced the Jewish faith, and rigidly conformed to its ritual.—J. T.
GORDON, James Huntley, was born in 1543, and sent for his education to Rome, where he joined the Society of Jesus in 1 563. He was distinguished by his great learning as well as his abilities, was created D.D. in 1569, and for nearly fifty years discharged the duties of professor of Hebrew and theology at Rome, Paris, Bordeaux, and other places on the continent. He was twice sent as a missionary to England and Scotland, and his proselytizing zeal was twice visited with imprisonment. He was the author of a treatise entitled "Controversium Fidei Epitome." He died at Paris in 1620.—There was another Scotch jesuit who bore the name of James Gordon, but he belonged to the Lesmore family. He was born at Aberdeen in 1553; and died at Paris in 1641. He was rector of the jesuit colleges at Toulouse and Bordeaux, and in his old age became confessor of Louis XIII. He published "Biblia Sacra cum Commentariis," and various theological and chronological works.—J. T.
GORDON, Lucy Duff—born in 1821; died 13th July, 1869—the daughter of the distinguished jurist, John Austin, author of the Province of Jurisprudence Determined. She was married to Sir A. D. Gordon in 1840. Mrs. Austin, well known by her excellent translations from French and German, found an apt scholar in her daughter. The translation of Niebuhr's Greek Stories, edited by Mrs. Austin, is attributed to Lady Gordon. Ranke's Prussian History, and his Ferdinand and Maximilian, were put in an English dress by the younger lady, who also translated a selection from Feuerbach's Criminal Trials, Wailly's Stella and Vanessa, several of Mad. D'Arbouville's tales, and Moltke's Account of the Russian Campaigns in Turkey. Lady Gordon also contributed to Murray's Home and Colonial Library the "Amber Witch" and the "French in Algiers." Sir A. Gordon is a commissioner of the board of inland revenue, and the author of Sketches of German Life, &c.—R. H.
GORDON, Sir John Watson, R.A., president of the Scottish Academy, was born at Edinburgh about 1798. Whilst yet quite young he entered the Trustees' Academy, Edinburgh, having for fellow-students William Allan, David Wilkie, John Burnet, and others who eventually rose to eminence. Following the usual course, Mr. Gordon tried poetic and historic subjects, but soon turned to the more profitable, though less ambitious line of portraiture, which he continued to practise in his native city with unvarying success. Scottish portraits were his specialty. He was essentially a national painter. The true character of the Scottish countenance stands forth as perfectly portrayed on the canvasses of Gordon, as does that of the Venetian on those of Titian. His handling was free, touch firm, chiaroscuro vigorous, colour clear if not glowing. His style, in fact, was, like all good style, precisely adapted to convey most directly and forcibly his own conception of form and character, and was therefore simple, manly, and unaffected, however prosaic; never attracting attention on its own account, though when examined found to be that best suited to its purpose, however ill suited to the purpose of an imitator. From the foundation of the Royal Scottish Academy, Mr. Gordon had been one of its steadiest supporters; and on the death of Sir William Allan in 1850, he was elected to succeed him as its president. Soon afterwards he was appointed limner to the queen for Scotland, and her majesty conferred on him the honour of knighthood. He was elected associate of the Royal Academy in 1841, and R.A. in 1851. Several of his portraits of celebrated Scotchmen are in the Scottish Academy. He died 1st June, 1864.—J. T—e.
GORDON, Patrick d'Achleuris (from his paternal estate of Auchluchrie in Aberdeenshire), a Russian general of Scottish birth and extraction, was born in 1635. He repaired in 1661 to Russia in search of employment, obtained a commission from the Czar Alexis, and took an active part in the expedition to the Crimea under the Prince Galitzin. He afterwards became a zealous partisan of Peter I., and his regiment was the first to abandon the Czarina Sophia. Peter cherished to the end of his days a warm recollection of General Gordon's services, called him his father, and declared that no monarch ever had a more faithful servant. General Gordon held for some time the office of governor of the capital, and at the time of his death, which took place in 1699, he was commander-in-chief of the Russian army. He left behind him six volumes of MS. memoirs which are preserved in the public archives of Moscow.—J T.
GORDON, Robert, of Stralogh, author of "Theatrum Scotiæ," was born in Aberdeenshire about the year 1580. He commenced his education at Aberdeen, and was prosecuting his studies at Paris, when he was recalled, by the death of his father, to his ancestral estate. Blaeu of Amsterdam was at that time projecting his celebrated maps and geographical works, and had obtained possession of a valuable collection of geographical drafts of the various districts of Scotland, executed by the eminent geographer, Timothy Pont, who died while his works were in a fragmentary condition. The Dutch editor made application to King Charles, soliciting his patronage, and also the appointment of a person capable of completing the works of Pont. Gordon was selected for this task in 1641, and completed that portion of the atlas known as "Theatrum Scotiæ" in 1648. So highly prized were the labours of Gordon that he was exempted, by special act of parliament, from various public burdens. Gordon died in 1661. He collected materials for a history of his times, which were afterwards put in a narrative form by his son, and printed by the Spalding Club in 1841.
GORDON, Thomas, a Scottish political writer, was the son of the laird of Gairloch, in the parish of Kells in Galloway, and was born about 1684. He was educated at one of the Scottish universities. When young he went to London, where he supported himself by teaching the classics, and afterwards by writing political and religious pamphlets. In 1720, in partnership with a person named Trenchard, he began the publication of a weekly political sheet called the Independent Whig, and soon after of a series of political letters under the signature of "Cato." The opinions advocated in both of these publications were highly objectionable. Trenchard died in 1738, and his widow became the second wife of his partner, who was now employed as the hireling advocate of Walpole's administration, and was rewarded with the office of first commissioner of wine licenses. He published translations of Tacitus, Sallust, and Cicero's Orations against Catiline. Gordon died in 1750. After his death there appeared a collection of his fugitive pieces under the title of "A Cordial for Low Spirits," and another entitled "The Pillars of Priestcraft and Orthodoxy shaken." A volume entitled "Sermons on Practical Subjects" was published in 1788.—J. T.
GORDON, William, an English dissenting minister and writer, was born at Hitchen in Hertfordshire in 1729. At an early age he became minister of an independent congregation at Ipswich. In 1770 he emigrated to America, and was chosen pastor of a church in Roxbury, Massachusetts. When the war broke out between Britain and her American colonies, Gordon became a zealous partisan of the revolutionary cause, and was appointed chaplain to the provincial congress of Massachusetts. After peace was concluded he returned to England in 1786, and in 1788 he published a "History of the Rise, Progress, and
