matchless power and fervour. It often soared, and rarely sank. Borne along by the current of his thoughts, and yielding to the impetus, his delivery was always natural, for it was ever in harmony with his inner emotions, sometimes calmly argumentative and sometimes intensely earnest in expostulation and appeal. His style was nervous and polished, and though the same cadences often recur, the intense emotion of his spoken discourses counteracted any rhythmical monotony. At times he appeared as under an afflatus—excited into grandeur; but the heights he trod were as a fertile table-land, and never presented the rugged majesty of Sinai. His might was great, but rarely sweeping; his tastes lay rather amid the beautiful and lovely. He was generally a man of great intellectual accomplishments, and what he did was little less than a moral miracle, considering the exquisite agonies he endured, with almost no respite or interval, through life. Bulwer, in one of his novels, has well pictured this heroic greatness, this successful struggle of mind against pain and the paroxysms of bodily ailment, produced by what his medical attendant named but too happily "an internal apparatus of torture." His conversational powers were vast; indeed, when a very young boy, he had been loquacious, and his colloquial powers were somewhat Johnsonian in spirit and diction. The Johnsonian modulation is often felt, too, in his published sermons, though he had a strong and scholarly predilection for Saxon terms. He was not bound up in the straitness of some of his sect, as his laboured and powerful exposition of the "Principles of Communion" evince. In his "Christianity consistent with a love of freedom," it will be seen that his politics were liberal. His famous discourse—"Sentiments proper to the present crisis"—received the praise of Pitt for its lofty eloquence and its magnificent peroration. We need not refer to his funeral sermon for Dr. Ryland—one of his greatest efforts; an oration subdued and solemn, rising into sublimity of tone and imagery. His sermon on the decease of the Princess Charlotte is of a similar character of sustained pathos and beauty—death speaking from a bed of roses. In fine Hall now ranks as one of the great English classics; and our regret is, that he did not prepare more discourses or essays for the press. His works were published after his death, in six octavo volumes, with a Life by Olinthus Gregory, and Observations on his Character as a preacher, by John Foster.—J. E.
* HALL, Anna Maria, wife of Mr. S. C. Hall, a popular authoress, was born at Dublin in 1802. Her maiden name was Fielding, and her father is said to have belonged to the family which produced the author of Tom Jones. She left Ireland at fifteen, and her intellectual development must have been an early one, since her knowledge of Ireland and the Irish, so abundantly displayed in her works, was obtained before that age. Going to London to reside with her mother, she made the acquaintance of Mr. S. C. Hall, whose wife she became in 1824, and with whom she has co-operated in some of his chief literary enterprises, such as the preparation of the work on Ireland referred to below, and the management of the Art Journal. Her earliest work of any note was her "Sketches of Irish Character," 1829, followed by a book for young people (a literary genre in which Mrs. Hall has always been very successful), the "Chronicles of a School-room." Her first novel, the "Buccaneer," a tale of the time of the Protectorate, appeared in 1832. In 1834 was published her "Tales of Women's Trials," and in 1835 the "Outlaw," the time of which belongs to the reign of James II. Her "Lights and Shadows of Irish Life," one of the most pleasing of her works, appeared in 1838, and the "Groves of Blarney," dramatized from a tale in the first volume, had a great run at the Adelphi in the same year. She is also the author of an original drama, "The French Refugee," and of "Mabel's Curse," a dramatic version of one of her own tales. Her later fictions are—"Marion, or a Young Maid's Trials," 1839; the "Stories of the Irish Peasantry," and "A Woman's Story," 1857. An agreeable and instructive volume is her "Pilgrimage to English Shrines," with notes and illustrations by Mr. Fairholt, which appeared in the Art Journal., and was published separately in 1851. Mrs. Hall has been an industrious contributor to periodical literature. She has recently founded a monthly periodical of her own, the St. James's Magazine, which bears her name as editress upon its title page.—F. E.
* HALL, Samuel Carter, editor of the Art Journal, an experienced and versatile litterateur, is a native of Topsham in Devonshire, where he was born in 1801. He commenced his literary career as a reporter in the New Times, founded, in opposition to the Times, by Stoddart, when he quarrelled with the late Mr. Walter, and seceded from what is now the leading journal. Some "Lines written at Jerpoint Abbey" published in 1820, are among the earliest of Mr. Hall's literary performances. In 1824 he entered himself as a student in the Temple, and was afterwards called to the bar. Literature, however, by itself or in connection with art, has been Mr. Hall's principal pursuit. He was long an active contributor to the London and provincial press. In 1830 he became editor of the New Monthly Magazine, and, in the palmy days of annual literature was the editor of the Amulet. He has also edited the Book of British Ballads; the Book of Gems of British Poets and Painters; the Baronial Halls of England; and other illustrated works. In co-operation with Mrs. S. C. Hall, he brought out, in 1842-43, an elaborate work descriptive of the sister isle—"Ireland; its Scenery, Character," &c. Mr. Hall is perhaps best known, however, as the founder and editor of the Art Journal, which he began in 1839 as the Art Union Journal, a monthly periodical devoted to the literary and pictorial illustration of art, and which has been very successful. His counsel is frequently made available in matters relating to decorative art. Of late years Mr. Hall has appeared as a lecturer, and in one of his courses, "Written Portraits of Authors of the Age," he draws upon his personal reminiscences of the literary celebrities of the last generation.—F. E.
HALL, Thomas, B.D., was born at Worcester in 1610, studied at Oxford, and succeeded his brother, John Hall, as incumbent of King's Norton. His salary was small, and he kept a school. During the civil war he suffered a good deal for his principles, but in 1662 became a nonconformist. He died, April 13, 1665. He bore an excellent character for zeal, learning, and piety, and is favourably spoken of by à Wood. He founded a library at King's Norton, strengthened the one at Birmingham, and wrote a few books, some with quaint titles.—B. H. C.
HALLAM, Arthur Henry, who has received from the genius and friendship of Alfred Tennyson an immortality purer and nobler even than that bestowed by Petrarch upon his Laura, was the eldest son of Mr. Henry Hallam, the historian and critic, and was born in Bedford Place, London, on the 1st of February, 1811. The son of such a father, he enjoyed every possible advantage in his early up-bringing and education, and his were an intellect and disposition that offered a rich soil to the seed abundantly sown. In the affecting memoir of him, printed by his father after his death, the elder Hallam has recorded the early promise of his boyhood, his "peculiar clearness of perception, his facility of acquiring knowledge, and, above all, an undeviating sweetness of disposition, and adherence to his sense of what was right and becoming." He was little more than nine, when, already familiar with French, and a fair Latin scholar for his age, he wrote dramas in prose and verse, the fame of which was, however, wisely confined to the circle of his own family. At ten he was sent to school at Putney, where he remained two years under the care of a clergyman, and then, after a short tour on the continent, he went to Eton. There he was less remarkable for his proficiency in classical studies than for his cultivation of the literature and poetry, especially the earlier literature and poetry of his native land, and he became a contributor, both of prose and verse, to the Eton Miscellany. In the summer of 1827 he left Eton, and travelled with his parents for several months in Italy. Under the best auspices he studied Italian art and poetry, especially Dante, and, returning full of new experiences to England, began his residence at Trinity college, Cambridge, which counted among its alumni the author of In Memoriam, and where he had been entered before his departure for the continent. His tastes and pursuits were not of the rigid kind that lead to academic distinction. He preferred poetry to mathematics, and contemplated the publication of a volume of verse in conjunction with his friend, Alfred Tennyson. The plan was abandoned; but among the pieces which he wrote at this period, and some of which were published, is one addressed to Mr. Tennyson, breathing a deep and tender love of nature. He gained, too, college distinctions of his own, prizes for English declamation, and for essays on subtle points in the history of the great rebellion; and a striking "oration" is still extant on "the influence of Italian upon English literature," which he was chosen to deliver in the college chapel just before the Christmas vacation of 1831. Already he had cultivated the society of great con-
