In this condition he married the daughter of Sir Marmaduke Dorrel; but there was no issue by the marriage. He died September 11, 1677, and was buried in St. Margaret's church, Westminster. His other writings are for the most part abridgments, or elucidations, or vindications of the system laid down in the "Oceana."—T. A.
HARRINGTON, James, lawyer and author, was born at Waltham Abbey in 1664. Educated at Westminster and Oxford, he went to the bar, where he acquired a large practice. His parts, legal learning, and probity, are commended by Anthony Wood, to the first volume of whose Athenæ Oxoniensis he contributed a preface, and to its second an introduction. He edited, with a preface and life, the works of Dr. George Stradling.—F. E.
HARINGTON, John, of Stepney, was born in 1534. He was a man of education and position, and was attached when very young to the court of Henry VIII. He implicated himself during the reign of Queen Mary in a correspondence with Elizabeth, for which he was imprisoned in the Tower. On the accession of the latter he was liberated, and became a favourite at court. In the Harington Papers several poems are ascribed to him with good reason, and they display no small merit; the versification is harmonious, and there is much polish and elegance about them. A poem on Isabella Markham (wrongly called a sonnet), written in 1564—"Whence comes my Love"—is inferior to few similar pieces of the time. He died in 1582.—J. F. W.
HARINGTON, Sir John, son of the preceding, an Elizabethan poet of some note, was born at Kelston, Somersetshire, in 1561 . The queen stood as his godmother, and took him early into her favour. He was educated at Eton, and after graduating at Christ Church, Cambridge, he appeared at court; and as his fortune enabled him to cope with the gayest, and his wit and sprightliness were remarkable, he became soon distinguished for epigrams, mots, and satires. Amongst other pieces, he translated the episode of Alcina and Ruggiero from the Orlando Furioso; but the queen, deeming it proper to be offended at the licentiousness of the tale, strangely enough imposed as a remedy the translation of the whole epic, a task which Harrington performed with the assistance of his brother Francis, and published the first translation of Ariosto into English verse in 1591. This work was very popular; and though its poetic merits are small, it deserves the praise of first introducing into our language one of the great Italian classics. It is entirely superseded by the labours of subsequent translators. In 1596 Harrington published two pieces, "A New Discourse on a State Subject called the Metamorphosis of Ajax;" and "An Apologie for Ajax." These are perhaps the first English specimens of that humorous but gross satire, which, in the preceding part of the century, was introduced into France by Rabelais. The indelicacy of these pieces might have been, perhaps, as easily pardoned as the former offence; but the personal satire in which he indulged, made enemies of those he ridiculed, and he had to leave court for a time to escape a star-chamber prosecution, from which the queen's favour saved him. In 1599 he accompanied Essex to Ireland, and was knighted by him there, an act which is said to have displeased the queen. On his return Harrington shared with his master the sovereign's anger, but was speedily restored to favour, and, courtier to the last, ingratiated himself with James I., who made him a knight of the bath, and corresponded with him. Harrington wrote his "Brief View. of the State of the Churche of England" for Prince Henry. He died in 1612. Besides the works already mentioned, he left "The Englishman's Doctor, or school of Salerne;" "The History of Polindor and Flostella;" and the "Nugæ Antiquæ," a miscellaneous collection of original papers in prose and verse, afterwards published by Henry Harrington, a descendant of Sir John.—J. F. W.
HARRIOT, Thomas, an English mathematician and astronomer, and one of the founders of modern algebra, was born at Oxford in 1560, and died in London on the 2nd of July, 1621. He was educated at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, where, about 1579, he took the degree of master of arts. Sir Walter Raleigh, whose friendship he had acquired at the university, appointed him to the office of geographer to the second expedition to Virginia. Harriot published an account of the expedition in 1588. Nearly all the rest of his life was passed in the household of Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland, noted for his patronage of men of science, who gave him a liberal pension. He, independently, discovered spots in the sun with a telescope in December, 1610, just one month after they had been first discovered by Galileo. In 1631, ten years after Harriot's death, his celebrated mathematical work, "Artis analyticæ Praxis ad Æquationes algebraicas resolvendas," was published in London. In that book he set forth two great improvements in algebra—one an invention, the other a discovery. The invention consisted in bringing all the terms of an algebraical equation to one side, so as to equate their sum to nothing; and the discovery (to which the invention naturally led) was, that every algebraical equation of a higher order than the first, is the product of the multiplication together of as many simple equations as there are units in the order of the higher equation, the roots of the several simple equations being also the roots of the higher equation—the most important principle in the theory of algebraical equations.—W. J. M. R.
HARRIS, George, an English civilian, was the son of the bishop of Llandaff. Educated at Oriel college, Oxford, he took his degree of bachelor of laws in 1745, that of doctor in the same faculty in 1750, and in the latter year was admitted into the college of advocates. He died in 1796, after having amassed a very large fortune, the chief part of which he bequeathed to public charities. His chief publication was D. Justiniani Institutionum, Libri quatuor; and a translation of them into English, with notes, 1756, 4to.—W. J. P.
HARRIS, George, Lord, a distinguished military officer, was the son of the Rev. George Harris of Brasted, Kent, and was born there 18th March, 1746. He obtained a commission in the royal artillery in 1759, which three years later he exchanged for an ensigncy in the 5th foot. He attained the rank of captain in 1771. When war broke out between the American colonies and Great Britain, Captain Harris was sent to America in 1774, and was present at the first conflict between the British and the American troops which took place at Lexington, April 19, 1775. He also fought with distinguished courage at the battle of Bunkers-hill, June 17, where he was severely wounded, and was in consequence obliged to return home. After the lapse of a few months, however, having recovered from his wounds, he rejoined his regiment in time to take part in the conflict on Long Island, August, 1776. He distinguished himself in various subsequent engagements with the colonists. In December, 1779, he attained the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and shortly after went to the East Indies as secretary to Sir William Meadows, governor and commander-in-chief of Madras. He served in the campaigns of 1790 and 1791 against Tippoo Saib, which terminated in a treaty dictated by the British army at the gates of Tippoo's capital in February, 1792. Colonel Harris now returned to England where he spent two years. He re-embarked for India in October, 1794, with the rank of major-general, and was placed on the Bengal staff. In February, 1798, he was appointed governor of Madras and commander-in-chief of the forces in that presidency; and in December following, when the earl of Mornington (afterwards marquis of Wellesley) resolved to renew the war against Tippoo, who was plotting with the French to expel the English from India, General Harris was appointed to command the army which invaded Mysore. Its operations were attended with complete success. Seringapatam was carried by assault. Tippoo himself fell in the defence of his capital, and his territories were divided between the British and their allies. As a reward for his important services, Major-General Harris was made colonel of the 73d foot, was promoted to the rank of general, and in 1815 was raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Harris of Seringapatam and Mysore in the East Indies, and of Belmont in Kent. He subsequently received a grand cross of the order of the bath, and was appointed governor of Dumbarton castle. His lordship died in 1829.—J. T.
HARRIS, James, a writer of great learning and ingenuity on philological and other subjects, born July 20, 1709, was the eldest son of James Harris, Esq., of the Close of Salisbury, by his second wife, the Lady Elizabeth Ashley Cooper, sister of Lord Shaftesbury of the Characteristics. He received his early education at the Salisbury grammar school, and at the age of sixteen was entered at Wadham college, Oxford. When twenty-four years old, his father's death gave him both an independent fortune and the power of devoting himself to his favourite pursuit, the study of the classics. In 1761 he was elected member for Christchurch, and continued to represent that borough till his death. In 1762 he became a lord of the admiralty, and the
