in-chief. Though his followers were worn out with hunger and fatigue, he gained a signal victory over the republicans at Laval. He then led his troops into Normandy, in the hope of receiving reinforcements from England, and back to the Loire; defeating on their way at Dol a republican army under Kleber, Westermann, and Marceau. They suffered dreadful hardships on their forced marches, and in their unsuccessful attempts to cross the Loire. La Rochejacquelein was in the end accidentally separated from the main body of his troops, and gained several successes at the head of a small body of peasants. But on the 4th of March, 1794, he was shot by a grenadier who had been taken prisoner by his men, and whose life he was endeavouring to save. His brother—
La Rochejacquelein, Louis des Verger, Marquis de, was born in 1777. He was one of the emigrant French nobles, and served for some time in America and against the insurgent blacks in St. Domingo. On his return to France in 1802 he married the widow of the Marquis de Lescure, the Vendean chief. Strenuous efforts were made to induce him to give his support to the government of Napoleon, but without effect. He took the command of the loyalists in the last Vendean war, and was killed at their head in June, 1815, a few days before the battle of Waterloo. His wife—
La Rochejacquelein, Maria Louisa, was the only daughter of the Marquis de Donnissau, and was married at the age of sixteen to the Marquis de Lescure. She accompanied her husband throughout the Vendean war, and shared in all his hardships and dangers. He was mortally wounded at the battle of Chollet, but she remained with the loyalists till their final overthrow at Savenay. With great difficulty she made her escape from the country, but after the amnesty of 1795 she was permitted to return to France. She married the Marquis de La Rochejacquelein in 1802, and from that period till his death enjoyed comparative tranquillity and happiness. She died in 1859. Her "Memoirs," published in 1815, have passed through many editions—J. T.
LA ROMANA, Marquis de, a Spanish general who assisted in the defence of Catalonia in 1795. In 1805 he was placed in command of sixteen thousand troops which the Spanish king, in obedience to the requisitions of Napoleon, sent to reinforce the imperial army in Prussia. On learning the designs of the French emperor against his country he resolved to return to Spain, and by the aid of the British admiral, contrived to convey his troops from the Baltic to Bilboa, where he landed in November, 1808, just previous to the arrival of Napoleon in person to take the command of the French army. Nearly the whole of La Romana's veterans were destroyed in Blake's successive defeats; but he rallied the remainder in the Asturian mountains, and distinguished himself against the French, especially in the retreat on Corunna, and the defence of Torres Vedras. He died 24th January, 1811, just as he was about to undertake the defence of Estremadura, on the plan recommended by the duke of Wellington.—F. M. W.
LAROMIGUIÈRE, Pierre, an eminent French author and philosopher, born on 3d November, 1756, in Rouergue; died at Paris, 12th August, 1837. At the commencement of the revolution he occupied the chair of philosophy at Toulouse. He then went to Paris, and soon attracted attention. In 1795 he was named professor of logic at the central schools, and the following year became a member of the Institute. In the chair of philosophy at the university of Paris, he delivered a brilliant course, attended by most of the literary celebrities. His works are on philosophy, and are characterized by great perspicuity.—P. E. D.
LARRA, Mariano José de, a Spanish journalist, born the 24th March, 1809. His father, an eminent physician, found it necessary to leave Spain with Joseph Napoleon in 1812. Educated in Madrid, to which his family returned in 1817, he soon quarreled with his father, and with the profession of law to which he had been destined, and for a year or two held a situation in one of the government offices at Madrid. It was during this period that he became acquainted with the lady whom at the age of twenty he married, to her misfortune and his own. In August, 1832, when a less oppressive course than hitherto was pursued towards the press, he commenced the Pobrecito Hablador, in which, under the assumed name of Don Juan Perez de Manguia, he wrote a series of humorous and satirical essays which may be said to have at once established his fame, although suppressed by Zea's ministry in March, 1833. From this time until the death of the king he wrote little, except theatrical and literary criticisms. But from that time he became a leading writer in the Revista Española, under the name of Figaro, by which he is best known. His essays remind the English reader somewhat of our own Douglas Jerrold; they show the same sympathy with the common life of men in cities; the same impatience of misgovernment; and somewhat of a kindred melancholy which tinges even the happiest of his satirical sketches. In 1835 he became one of the editors of the Observador; and about the same time he published a novel—"El doncel de Don Enrique el dolieate," a not very successful imitation of Sir Walter Scott—and a drama on the same subject as the novel, the history of Macias "el enamorado." In the same year he paid a visit to Portugal, France, and England, and was everywhere well received, but returned in a few months, "unable to live without sun and chocolate." His later writings show traces of that mental disease which was soon to manifest itself. Some of his best pieces, however, belong to this period. One of them especially—"El Dia de Difuntos de 1836" (All Souls' day, 1836)—is tinged with a melancholy which had too real a foundation in his private life; and his last drama, "Tu Amor o la muerte" (Thy love or death), is in some sense a prophecy of what was to come. An intrigue with a married woman was terminated by her resolution to see him no more, and the unhappy victim of passion closed his own career by a pistol-shot, 13th February, 1837, leaving a wife, a son, and two daughters. A list of his works would give but a faint idea of the versatility of his powers. Many of his dramas are borrowed from the French, but assuredly not from want of original power. He had in hand a new work entitled Spain from Ferdinand V. to Mendizabel, which might have exhibited his abilities in a new light. Among the lamentations which were poured forth over the grave thus prematurely opened must be mentioned the verses recited by Don José Zorrilla, then aged eighteen. Larra's works have been reprinted, under the title of "Obras completos de Figaro," in Baudry's collection of Spanish authors.—F. M. W.
LARREY, Dominique Jean, Baron, a celebrated French surgeon, born at Beaudan, near Bagnerès de Bigarre, in 1766. In 1792 he was appointed surgeon-major to the hospitals of the army of the Rhine; and whilst in this service he distinguished himself by inventing the "ambulances volantes" which have since done such good service in the French armies. These ambulances were now always placed in the van of the army instead of the rear, where they had hitherto been stationed, so that the wounded could receive attention immediately. In 1796 he was sent for by General Bonaparte to organize this service for the army of Italy. In 1798 he embarked with the general for Egypt. Here he distinguished himself by his courage and humanity in attending to the wounded on the field of battle, and upon one occasion was severely wounded himself. At the battle of Aboukir, for his great coolness and courage in operating upon many under fire, he was presented by Napoleon with a sword having the words, Larrey and Aboukir, engraved upon it. Upon his return to France in 1802, Larrey was named by the first consul surgeon-in-chief to the consular guard, and was one of the first to receive from the hands of the first consul the cross of officer of the legion of honour. In the campaigns of Germany, Prussia, Poland, and Spain, he filled the office of surgeon-in-chief to the imperial guard. In all these campaigns he greatly signalized himself, and at the battle of Wagram was created Baron on the field of battle. In 1812 he was appointed surgeon-in-chief to the grand army, a post he held till the abdication of Napoleon in 1814. Wishing to accompany the emperor to Elba, he received from Napoleon the reply—"You belong to the army, you must follow it." His last service under Napoleon was at the battle of Waterloo, where he was wounded and made prisoner. Rescued from his captors by a Prussian surgeon, he was taken to Blucher, and by him immediately released. After the restoration Larrey was appointed surgeon-in-chief to the garde royale at Gros-Caillou, and afterwards surgeon to the Hôpital des invalides. He died in 1842. Napoleon always held Larrey in the highest esteem, and left him in his will one hundred thousand francs, adding, he was "the most virtuous man I ever met!" Larrey has left behind him many very valuable works on surgery, and one of the brightest names in the annals of his profession—W. B—d.
LARREY, Isaac de, an historian of some eminence, who was born in 1638 of protestant parents at Montevilliers, and practised for some years as an attorney at his native place. He after-
