tages, and in 1655 Loret obtained a royal privilege, and printed his versified journal under the title of Muse Historique. He wrote seven hundred and fifty numbers, and about four hundred thousand verses. The Muse obtained both influence and celebrity, and Loret found a revenue in the advertisements, which he turned into verse.—P. E. D.
LORGNA, Antonio Maria, an eminent Italian mathematician and engineer, was born at Verona of a noble family in 1730, and died there on the 28th of June, 1796. He was educated at the university of Padua; served in the army, in which he rose to the rank of colonel of engineers; and became governor and professor of mathematics of the military college of Verona. In 1782 he founded the Società Italiana. His writings on various mathematical, mechanical, and physical subjects, appeared partly in the Memoirs of that society from 1782 till 1794, partly also in the Transactions of other learned bodies, and partly in a separate form.—W. J. M. R.
LORIA or LAURIA, Roger de, Admiral, born towards the middle of the thirteenth century; died at Valencia, 17th January, 1305. He aided Giovanni da Procida in stirring up the revolution known as the Sicilian Vespers, and received from Pedro III. of Arragon and I. of Sicily, in recompense of his services, the command of the Sicilian fleet. His lot was cast in troublous times, and in the course of his military career he more than once changed masters; but at length, disgusted with both sides, he retired to his possessions in Valencia.—C. G. R.
LORME, Philibert de. See Delorme.
LORRAINE. See Guise.
LORRAINE, Claude. See Gelee, Claude.
LORRIS, Guillaume de, the first author of the celebrated "Roman de la Rose," completed by Jean de Meun (q.v.) derives his name from his birthplace, Lorris, near Montargis, in what is now the department of Loiret, and where his house is said to be still pointed out. Very little is known of his biography. He is supposed to have been a student of jurisprudence, and to have died about 1260. The "Roman de la Rose" was entirely his conception; his share in its authorship amounts to four thousand out of twenty-two thousand lines; and the portion of it which he composed bears no trace of the satirical element rife in the continuation of Jean de Meun. The "Roman de la Rose," as written by Guillaume de Lorris, is a poem of love, and nothing can be more simple than its allegory. It is very beautiful in its descriptions of nature. The poem was a favourite of Chaucer's, who in his Romaunt of the Rose has translated the whole of the portion written by Guillaume de Lorris, and very little of that by Jean de Meun. Specimens of both the original and of Chaucer's version are printed side by side by Warton.—F. E.
LORRY, Anne-Charles, a French physician, born at Crosné, near Paris, in 1725. In 1748 he was admitted doctor of the Faculty of Medicine at Paris, and afterwards became doctor-regent of the faculty. He was the author of several medical works, some of which still retain considerable value. His last, perhaps his best, was a treatise on cutaneous diseases, a work which combines the merits of much erudition and accurate observation with great clearness of arrangement and perspicuity of language. He died in 1783.—W. B—d.
LORT, Michael, D.D , professor of Greek at Cambridge, and prebendary of St. Paul's, was born in 1725. He published treatises on the Lord's Prayer, on the wisdom of the ancient Egyptians, and on the Celts, besides various sermons.—D. W. R.
LOSADA, Diego, a Spanish adventurer, died in 1569. He was one of the early band of explorers who effected the conquest of Venezuela, and built the city of Santiago de Leon in the district of Caraccas. He obtained great mastery over the savage tribes; but was eventually driven from his kingdom.—F. M. W.
LOSCH, Joseph, German medallist, was born in 1770, at Amberg in the Upper Palatinate. Trained as a die-cutter in the mint of his native town, he improved his taste by the study of ancient Greek gems; and on the death, in 1796, of the principal engraver to the Amberg mint, Losch was selected to succeed him. The Amberg mint was, however, soon after given up; but in 1803 he was attached to the staff of the mint at Munich, and five years later was made principal medallist. This office he retained till his death in 1826. Under Losch, the Bavarian coinage was much improved. The medals engraved by him include many struck in commemoration of passing events; the visits of distinguished personages; as rewards for military skill, or proficiency in literature, science, or art; portraits, &c.; and they are regarded as above the average of their class.—His son, Joseph Losch, born at Munich in 1804, the present chief medal engraver in the Munich mint, has engraved several very good occasional medals.—J. T—e.
LOSSENKO, Ivan, an eminent Russian painter, was born about 1720. He studied in Paris and in Rome. On his return to St. Petersburg he was nominated a member, a few years later professor of painting, and ultimately director of the Imperial Academy of the Fine Arts. Lossenko is regarded with great respect by his countrymen, who look upon him as founder of Russian Art. Out of Russia, Lossenko's pictures would hardly be so highly esteemed. They are painted in the cold academic style, fashionable when he was in Italy. He was little of a colourist, but is praised for correctness of drawing and purity of design. His chief works are "The Miraculous Draught of Fishes," in the Imperial gallery; and a "Parting of Hector and Andromache." He also painted several portraits of royal and distinguished persons. He died about 1774.—J. T—e.
LOTHAIRE I., Emperor of the West, was the eldest son of Louis le Debonnaire, and was born about 795. In 817 he was associated by his father in the imperial dignity, at the same time being acknowledged king of France, and in 820 he took the title of king of the Lombards. Louis wishing to provide for his son Charles (le Chauve), who was born after the partition which he made of his estates, sought to alter the deed by which his other sons held their respective territories. Lothaire immediately leagued with his brothers Louis (le Germanique) and Pepin against his father, and succeeded in dethroning him in 830. Restored to the throne, Louis three years afterwards was again driven from it by the same unfilial allies; but the reconciliation of the two younger brothers with their father put an end to the war, obliging Lothaire to cast himself upon the compassion of the emperor. On the death of Louis in 840, Lothaire succeeded to the imperial dignity, and was no sooner seated on the throne than he began to make preparations for annexing the estates of his brothers, Charles le Chauve and Louis le Germanique. These two princes, however, combined their forces against him, and obtained a victory over him at the bloody battle of Fontenay in 841. A treaty was concluded between the belligerent brothers in 843, in terms of which Louis retained, with the title of emperor, Italy, Burgundy, and the eastern provinces of France, his capital being Aix-la-Chapelle; Louis had Germany and the vast territories beyond the Rhine; and Charles secured Neustria and Aquitaine. Wearied with the cares of empire, and sensible of his approaching end, Lothaire a short time before his death abdicated the crown, and retired into the monastery of Prum in Ardennes, where he expired on the 28th of September, 855, at the age of sixty. He left three sons, Louis, Lothaire, and Charles, of whom the first inherited Italy with the title of emperor, the second the kingdom of Lorraine, and the third Provence. The latter part of the life of Lothaire, as if in retribution for the treatment to which, conjointly with his brothers, he had subjected his father, was distracted by civil wars arising out of the dissensions of his family.
LOTHAIRE II., Emperor of Germany, born in 1075; died 3rd December, 1137. He was the son of Gebhard of Suplingburg, and in 1100 married Richenza, heiress of Brunswick. On the accession of Henry V. of Germany he was named Duke of Saxony, and for several years fought the pagan Sclavonians who inhabited his territories. On submission, however, he treated them with leniency. In 1111, the Emperor Henry having granted a title to a person called Frederick the Englishman, Lothaire, under pretext that this person was a serf, caused him to be arrested. For this transaction he was placed under the ban of the empire. This led to a war between the Saxon princes and the emperor, which, after several years' duration, ended in the defeat of the former; and Lothaire was compelled to appear barefooted before Henry to crave pardon. The following year, however (1115), a more general insurrection took place, and Henry was defeated. Lothaire and the other princes joined the church in overturning the absolute power of the emperor, and a cruel war was the result, A large portion of Germany was ravaged, and peace was only restored after years of suffering. In 1123 Lothaire undertook a new war on his own account. The emperor was unable to subdue him, and died shortly after. In 1125 a diet was held at Mayence to elect a new emperor, and Lothaire obtained the suffrages of the electors. He was crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle, soon after married a daughter of the duke of Bavaria,
