Bastile, 1688. After three years of imprisonment the council of Berne were successful in procuring his release. His "Specimen" was republished at Leipsic with improvements and additions in 1695, and six years later he published "Epistola ad J. Perizonium de Nummis Consularibus." He lived for a long time at Arnstadt, the seat of Count Schwartzenberg, and here in 1703 he died. Thirty-one years after his death appeared the "Thesaurus Morellianus, sive familiarum Romanarum numismata omnia," with three thousand five hundred and thirty-nine illustrations of medals, engraved by Morel himself.—W. J. P.
MORELL, Thomas, a learned divine and classical scholar, was born in 1703 at Eton, where his mother kept a boardinghouse. At the age of twelve he was admitted on the foundation at Eton school, and in 1722 was elected to King's college, Cambridge. After taking his degrees he was appointed a curate at Kew, then at Twickenham, and in 1737 obtained the living of Buckland, Herts. Marrying a lady from Chiswick and fixing his residence at Turnham Green, he became intimate with Hogarth, who sketched him in the character of a cynic philosopher, with an organ, his favourite instrument, near him. In return Morell contributed a literary portrait of the artist to Nichols' Anecdotes of Hogarth. He also assisted in the composition of Hogarth's Book of Beauty. He died February 19, 1784. The best known of his numerous works is the "Lexicon Græco-Prosodiacum," of which the best edition is that edited by Maltby, 1815. See Nichols' Anecdotes.—R. H.
MORELLET, André, a celebrated French abbé and member of the French Academy, was born at Lyons on the 7th March, 1727, and died at Paris on the 12th January, 1819. He was the son of a stationer, received his first education at the college of the Jesuits, and afterwards completed it at Paris. In 1753 he was appointed to superintend the studies of the son of the chancellor of Poland, and went with him to Rome. He there obtained the materials for his first publication, the "Manual of Inquisitors." On his return to Paris he was admitted to the society of many distinguished men; but a new publication, "The Preface of the Philosophers," gave offence to the Princess de Robecq, and he was sent to the Bastile. For six weeks he was not allowed to leave his chamber. J. J. Rousseau interested himself on his behalf, and was instrumental in procuring his release. Morellet then published a French translation of Beccaria on punishment. He also attacked the monopoly of the French East India Company, and contributed to its abolition. In 1772 he visited England, and made acquaintance with Franklin. Three years later he visited Voltaire at Ferney. His caustic and satirical powers were recognized by Voltaire, who named him "Mords-les" (Bite them). Lord Shelbourne, then at the head of the British cabinet, on signing the peace which concluded the war with America, stated that the credit of the treaty was much due to the abbé, who in consequence received a considerable pension from Louis XVI. During the Revolution he wrote many political pamphlets, some of which were of great practical value, especially one, the "Cri des Families," which led to a provision being made for the orphan children left unprovided for by the great catastrophe. He also wrote on political economy and the commerce of grain, and in his old age, four volumes of "Literary and Philosophical Miscellanies of the eighteenth century."—P. E. D.
MORELLI, Cosimo, a distinguished Italian architect, was born at Imola in 1732. The son of Domenico Morelli, an architect of that city, he studied under his father and D. Trifogli. Meeting early with a zealous patron in G. C. Bandi, bishop of Imola, and, through his introduction with another equally zealous, in Pope Pius VI., Morelli found ample employment until the revolutionary disturbances put a stop to all architectural undertakings in Italy. His chief works are the cathedrals of Imola and Macerata, the metropolitan church of Fermo, and others at Barbiano, Imola, Castel Bolognese, and Lugo; the palaces Braschi at Rome, Berio at Naples, Cappi at Bologna, and Anguisola at Piacenza; the façades of the Public and Vescovile palaces; the hospital at Imola, and that of the Ridotto at Cesena. He also erected the theatres of Imola, Jesi, Fermo, and Osimo, and had some share in that at Ferrara. He died in 1812.—J. T—e.
MORELLI, Jacopo, librarian of S. Mark's, styled Prince of librarians, born in Venice, 14th April, 1745; died 5th May, 1819. Having already assumed the clerical garb, he studied in the dominican schools; but his special vocation of bibliopole was not developed until he met accidentally with two bulky tomes of Latin MS. letters, and purchased them for a trifling sum. Then commenced that process of confronting, sifting, estimating, which formed the business and delight of his subsequent life, though not allowed to usurp the place of his ecclesiastical duties. This early undertaking won for him the acquaintance of the learned Padre de Rubeis, by whom he was introduced into the Zenian library, and to whom in fact he owed much of his erudition. The office of librarian to S. Mark's becoming vacant in 1778, Morelli was elected to it, and held it until his death. This library became his world, engaging his energies, thoughts, affections; its ordering and enrichment was his continual care; its removal to the great council hall affected him like a personal risk; he was jealous for its sake of alien libraries; and to it he bequeathed the collection, purchased with his own savings, of precious MSS. of all ages, and of some twenty thousand choice pamphlets. Nevertheless, he was no mere bookworm, but a good man and Christian priest, of which perhaps no stronger proof can be alleged than his burning a fine copy belonging to himself of the Sonetti dell' Aretino. He issued a vast number of valuable works, and was the open-hearted helper of other editors.—C. G. R.
MORERI, Louis, the original author of the celebrated dictionary which still bears his name, was born at Bargemont in Provence in 1643. After receiving the rudiments of his education at Draguignan and at Aix, he studied theology at Lyons, where he also acquired a knowledge of Italian and Spanish that was afterwards of material assistance to him in compiling the work upon which his reputation rests. In his youth he published "Le Pays d'Amour," a frigid allegory, and "Le doux plaisir de la Poésie," a collection of French poems. He took orders, and even preached upon controversial subjects; but all his leisure was devoted to his great work, the "Dictionnaire Historique" which was originally published in one folio volume at Lyons in 1673. Errors enough, both of taste and of statement, it undoubtedly contained, and with these it has been freely and copiously reproached; not the less was it a marvellous work for a man of thirty, and a work of real and substantial value in itself. Bayle—whose besetting sin was certainly not enthusiasm, and who commenced his own dictionary with the nominal view of connecting the errors of Moreri—has yet borne ample testimony to the worth of his predecessor's labour. The patronage of a French minister, M. de Pomponne, at one time opened to Moreri fair prospects of preferment, for which, however, he cared but little; and on his patron's fall in 1679 Moreri returned to his own house and devoted himself with a true scholar's ardour and industry to the improvement of his great work. Exhausted by fatigue, he died at the early age of thirty-seven, on 10th July, 1680. The dictionary has gone through numerous editions. Originally comprised in one volume, his own additions and corrections required another; the sixth edition, Amsterdam, 1691, was in four volumes; the thirteenth, 1712, was in five; the nineteenth, and most valuable of all, was in ten, published by Drouet in 1759. Of course the dictionary is no longer Moreri's, but his name is still retained. Moreri edited three volumes of the Lives of the Saints, and an Account of the Nations of the East. He collected materials for a biographical dictionary of Provençal worthies, and he left in manuscript, a treatise on New Year's Gifts."—W. J. P.
MORES, Edward Rowe, antiquary and collector, was born in 1730, son of the rector of Tunstall in Kent. Educated at Merchant Taylors and at Oxford, before he was twenty he had displayed his antiquarian tastes and knowledge, by publishing the curious "Nomina et insignia gentilitia nobilium equitumque sub Edvardo primo rege militantium." Late in life he turned his attention to the history of typography, corrected Ames, and printed eighty copies of a pamphlet, a "Dissertation on Typographical Foundries and Founders." Mores was one of the founders of the Equitable Assurance Society (1761), and was for several years its managing director. His "History and Antiquities of Tunstall," his native place, was published in 1780, two years after his death. In private he was an original. There is a curious memoir of him in the fifth volume of Nichols' Literary Anecdotes.—F. E.
MORETO Y CABANA, Agustin, a Spanish dramatist, born in the early part of the seventeenth century; died in 1669. The early part of his life was spent at Madrid, the later portion at Toledo. In his later years betook orders and became chaplain to Cardinal Moscoso, relinquishing his literary pursuits for the duties of his calling. Of his tragedies the best is entitled "El Valiente
