a few essays on art. After his death his brother engraved and published in 1851 a remarkable series of forty illustrations of the Pilgrim's Progress, which abounds in good design, and occasionally shows great poetic power of invention.—R. N. W.
* SCOTT, George Gilbert, R.A., was born in 1811 at Gawcott, near Buckingham, of which place his father was incumbent, as his grandfather, the author of the well-known Commentary, had been previously. Mr. G. G. Scott was apprenticed to a London architect in 1827. In 1835 he commenced practice in partnership with Mr. W. B. Moffatt. They erected several buildings, but the first which attracted public notice as a work of art was the Martyr's Memorial, Oxford, 1841, an elegant adaptation of the Eleanor Cross at Waltham. The new church at Camberwell, near London, 1844, was regarded as one of the best of the recent Gothic parish churches at that time erected. It was followed by the Orphan Asylum at Wanstead, also a meritorious work. In 1845 they dissolved partnership. In the following year Mr. Scott's design was successful in a competition open to the architects of Europe for the church of St. Nicholas, Hamburg, and the erection of which he was in consequence commissioned to direct. This church, one of the largest and costliest Gothic churches recently erected in Europe, and a work of great richness and beauty of design, added widely to Mr. Scott's reputation. Soon after he made designs for a cathedral at Newfoundland. Since then no other English architect has erected so many important churches, or conducted the restoration of so many cathedrals and churches of note. Among the chief of his new churches may be named the noble one of St. George, Doncaster; All Souls, Haley Hill, Halifax—a rich and costly work, finished throughout with rare completeness; St. John's, Holbeck, Leeds; Holy Trinity, Rugby; St. Andrew's, Leicester; and others at West Derby; Liverpool; Harrogate; Stoke Newington; Richmond, Surrey; Trefnant, near St. Asaph; Ranmore, near Dorking; Hawkhurst, Kent; Southgate, &c. Of his cathedral restorations the chief are those of Hereford—a most elaborate and important work; Ely—where in addition to works on which he has been years employed, he is now engaged in placing a new lantern, &c., at a cost considerably exceeding £60,000; Lichfield; Ripon, which is to cost over £32,000; Westminster, where he also built the dean's house and other buildings on the west of the abbey; and Chichester, where he has been called in to rebuild the beautiful spire which fell in 1861. Of parish churches he has restored a very large number, and among them some of the finest and most interesting examples of our early church architecture extant. It will be enough to name the Priory, Malvern; the (round) church of the Holy Sepulchre, Northampton; the famous tower of Taunton church; Richmond church, Yorkshire; and St. Michael's, Cornhill, London. Mr. Scott has also been much engaged in building and restoring for the English colleges. For Exeter college, Oxford, he has built a new chapel—one of the most elegant and finished of his works—a library, rector's house, &c.; at University a handsome new library, &c. Away from the universities Mr. Scott has built Brighton college, and new chapels at Harrow school, Wellington college, &c. Further he has built Kelham Hall, Newark-on-Trent; Ripbrook House, Dorking; and various other private mansions. Among the many important works Mr. Scott has on hand, several are of a secular character. Foremost is the New Foreign Office, which will be almost the single exception among his buildings to the Gothic style. Mr. Scott's original design, accepted by the ministry of Earl Derby, was for a Gothic building, but it was set aside by Lord Palmerston's ministry, and the architect directed to make a new Italian design, to which he agreed. Another important building now in progress is the Town Hall, Preston. It should be mentioned, also, that in a competition in 1855 his design for a magnificent new town hall at Hamburg won the prize from many of the principal architects of Europe. As just mentioned, Mr. Scott's designs are almost invariably Gothic in style. He is indeed, by common consent, recognized as the chief representative of the English school of Gothic architects. His buildings have a marked individuality of character, though in the main following closely mediæval examples. Of late years he has shown a decided leaning towards French Gothic, and few of his designs are now without some French characteristics. Mr. Scott is the author of "A Plea for the faithful Restoration of our Ancient Cathedrals," Timo, 1850; "Additional Churches," 8vo, 1854; "Some Remarks on Gothic Architecture: Secular and Domestic, Present and Future," 8vo, 1857; and "Gleanings from Westminster Abbey," 8vo, 1861. He has also delivered a series of lectures in the Royal Academy, and occasional lectures and discourses before the Institute of British Architects, and elsewhere, which have been printed in the architectural journals. Mr. Scott was elected associate of the Royal Academy in 1855, and R.A. in 1860. In 1857 he received the gold medal of the Institute of British Architects.—J. T—e.
SCOT, Sir John, of Scotstarvet in Fifeshire, was born in 1586. He was a director of chancery and a lord of the court of session, and was knighted and made a privy councillor by King James. He took an active part in resisting the ecclesiastical innovations of Laud, but was fined £1500 sterling by Cromwell in 1654, and six thousand pounds Scots, by Charles II. at the Restoration, so that he had the misfortune to suffer from both parties. He died in 1670, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. Sir John Scot is best known as the author of the "Staggering State of Scots Statesmen" a curious and interesting work. It is to him we owe the publication of the Deliciæ Poetarum Scotorum. He also assisted greatly, both by his pen and by a liberal donation of money, in the completion of Timothy Pont's Survey of Scotland, which was published in 1662 by John Bleau in the sixth volume of his celebrated Atlas, dedicated to Scotstarvet. Nisbet says Sir John Scot was "a bountiful patron of men of learning, who came to him from all quarters, so that his house became a kind of college."—J. T.
SCOTT, John, author of "The Christian Life," was born at Chippenham in Wiltshire in 1638, and was educated at New Inn hall, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1657. Having entered into orders, he came to London, and was successively perpetual curate of Trinity in the Minories, a minister of St. Thomas in Southwark, and rector, since 1677, of St. Peter Le Poor in Old Broad Street. He was a distinguished preacher, and associated himself with the moderate party of the restoration church, who went by the name of Latitudinarians, and who numbered among them many or most of the most popular preachers of the day. He declared himself strongly against popery, when that system began to rise again into favour in the reigns of Charles II. and James II.; and he was a warm supporter of the principles of the revolution settlement, although personally averse to occupy any of the high places of the church left vacant by the deprived nonjurors, with whose scruples he for some time sympathized. But in 1691 he had surmounted these difficulties; for in that year he accepted a canonry of Windsor, and succeeded Dr. Sharp in the rectory of St. Giles'-in-the-Fields. He survived till 1694. His principal work was the "Christian Life," published in three parts in 1681-85-86; the first practical, the second exhibiting the foundations of the christian life in the principles of natural religion, and the third explaining and proving the doctrine of our Saviour's mediation. The work has been long superseded by later and better publications; but it will always be interesting in a historical point of view, as illustrating the state of English theology during that period of decline, when it was passing downward from the high level reached by such great divines as Sanderson, Stillingfleet, and Howe, to the rationalistic flats and swamps of the following century.—P. L.
SCOTT, John, an English poet, born in 1730 at Bermondsey, was the son of a quaker, and was trained in the principles of the Society of Friends. A superstitious dread of the smallpox made the father move his son so frequently from place to place, that the boy had little regular education. John's poetical inclinations were fostered by a bricklayer named Frogley. His first attempts appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine. His best known work is a descriptive poem entitled "Amwell," the name of the place at which he lived in great retirement for twenty years. He also wrote critical essays, calling in question the literary judgments of Dr. Johnson. These were collected after his death by his friend Hoole, and published in 1785, with a life of the author prefixed. Scott died at Ratcliff of putrid fever, 12th December, 1783.—R. H.
SCOTT, John, miscellaneous writer, was born at Aberdeen about 1790. In the course of his career he became an author by profession in London, and published, towards and after the close of the great French war, two able books—"A Visit to Paris in 1814," &c., and "Paris Visited in 1815, by way of Brussels, including a walk over the Field of Waterloo." At the beginning of 1820 he founded the London Magazine, with Hazlitt and other clever men for contributors. A controversy
