in the service of the French crown in the wars of Italy, where he acquired great distinction. He returned home in 1543, shortly after the death of James V., and became a suitor for the hand of the queen-dowager, Mary of Guise. He displayed great skill in the exercises of public chivalry, and, says Pitscottie, "was a strong man withal, well proportioned, with lusty and manly visage, and carried himself erect and stately in his gait." But being disappointed both in his love-suit, and in an attempt which he made to get himself declared next heir to the throne, to the exclusion of the earl of Arran, he changed sides, joined the English party, and strenuously supported the proposal to marry the young queen to Prince Edward, son of Henry VIII. He was ultimately obliged to take refuge in England, where he was rewarded with the grant of the manor of Temple Newsome, near Leeds, and with the hand of Lady Margaret Douglas, niece of King Henry, by his sister. Queen Margaret, and her second husband, the earl of Angus—a union strangely destined to give an ill-fated husband to the young queen of Scots, and a long line of kings to the British throne. He was recalled by Queen Mary in 1564, shortly before her marriage to his son, and was restored by the parliament to his hereditary titles and estates.—(See Darnley, Lord.) After the murder of his son, the earl espoused the cause of the barons against his daughter-in-law, was elected regent of Scotland in 1570, and treated the adherents of the queen with great severity. In the following year, while holding a parliament at Stirling, he was surprised and taken prisoner in a night raid made by some of the leaders of the queen's party, and was mortally wounded, after he had surrendered, by an officer named Calder, who was instigated to commit this crime by Lord Huntly and Lord Claude Hamilton, in revenge for the execution of the archbishop of St. Andrew's. The unfortunate Lady Arabella Stewart, whose double relation to royalty made her the object of suspicion and jealousy both to Elizabeth and to James VI., was the grand-daughter of the regent. His eldest son, Charles, fifth earl, died in his twenty-first year, and was succeeded by his brother Robert, sixth earl, who was induced by James VI. to accept the earldom of March and lordship of Dunbar in lieu of his patrimonial titles, which the king was anxious to bestow on the earl's nephew, and his own favourite, Esme Stewart, lord of Aubigny in France, whom he created duke of Lennox in 1581 and appointed high chamberlain. This nobleman, the first and probably the best of the numerous minions of James, obtained for a time a complete ascendancy over the young king, and in conjunction with another favourite, the notorious Stewart, earl of Arran, brought Morton to the block, and greatly disturbed the tranquillity of the kingdom by the inroads which they persuaded James to make on the independence of the church, and the privileges of the nobles. But when the Ruthven conspirators got the king into their hands, they constrained him to sign an order enjoining Lennox to quit the country. He died shortly after his arrival in France, to the great grief of the king, of a fever brought on by distress of mind consequent on separation from his master, to whom he was strongly attached.—His son Ludovic, second duke, was reinstated by James, who highly esteemed and trusted him, in all the honours and estates of his father, was appointed great chamberlain and high admiral of Scotland, accompanied the king on his accession to the English throne, and was created by him Earl of Richmond in 1613, and Earl of Newcastle and Duke of Richmond in 1623.—His brother Esme, third duke, was a zealous supporter of Henry IV. in the wars with the League. James, fourth duke, was a stanch royalist. Three of his brothers fell fighting gallantly on the side of King Charles in the great civil war, and the duke himself, after making enormous sacrifices in the same cause, was one of the noblemen who offered to suffer in the king's stead. Clarendon has passed a glowing eulogium on the character of this worthy nobleman. His grandson Charles, sixth duke of Lennox and fourth duke of Richmond, married Francis Stewart, daughter of Lord Blantyre, celebrated as the most beautiful woman at the court of Charles II. On the death of his grace in 1672 without issue, the double dukedom devolved on Charles as the nearest collateral heir male, it was bestowed by that dissolute monarch on Charles Lennox, his illegitimate son by the duchess of Portsmouth and Aubigny, who was born in 1672. He was master of the horse to his father, but was deprived of that office by his uncle, James II., on account of the support which his mother gave to the exclusion bill. He resided in France during his uncle's reign, but returned to England at the Restoration, supported the new sovereigns and the protestant constitution of the country, served in Flanders as aid-de-camp to King William, and was one of the lords of the bedchamber to George I.—His son Charles, second duke of Richmond, Lennox, and Aubigny, held several offices in the royal household, and was also a lieutenant-general in the army. He took part in the battle of Dettingen, and assisted in suppressing the Jacobite rebellion in 1745.—Charles, third duke, was the ablest and most accomplished man of his family. He entered the army at the age of eighteen, and ultimately attained the rank of field-marshal. He served in Germany and took part in the battle of Minden. He was appointed ambassador-extraordinary to France in 1765, was nominated one of the secretaries of state in the following year, but resigned his office in less than three months on the dismissal of the first Rockingham administration. He continued in opposition during the succeeding sixteen years, and offered a strenuous resistance to the American war. He brought forward a motion in favour of commercial reform, and another in support of annual parliaments, and an extension of the suffrage. On the downfall of Lord North's government in 1782 the duke became master-general of the ordnance in the ministry of Lord Rockingham. On the schism in the cabinet which followed the death of the premier, his grace, offended with his nephew, Mr. Fox, adhered to the Shelburne party. He was subsequently reinstated in his offices when Mr. Pitt was placed at the head of affairs, and became a zealous supporter of that minister. His grace died in 1806, in the seventy-second year of his age. He was a man of most noble manners, chivalric bearing, and great capacity for, and fondness of business. But his political friends thought him somewhat intractable and speculative. Lady Sarah Lennox, a sister of the duke, by her beauty and accomplishments produced a strong impression on George III., who would have married her but for the interference of his mother and family. She ultimately became the wife of the Hon. George Napier, and mother of the famous fighting Napiers.—Charles, fourth duke, also entered the army, and attained the rank of lieutenant-general. He served with distinction in the West Indies and in Canada, and in 1817 held the office of lord-lieutenant of Ireland. He died in Canada in 1819 of hydrophobia, caused by the bite of a tame fox when in a rabid state.—Charles, fifth duke, born in 1791, like all the dukes of this branch, was a military officer, and was engaged in active service during the latter years of the war with France. He was a member of Earl Grey's cabinet, which framed the reform bill, but retired from office on the Irish appropriation question in 1834. The duke was a zealous supporter of protection to agriculture, and resisted to the last the abolition of the corn laws. On the death of his maternal uncle, the last duke of Gordon, in 1836 he succeeded to the great estates of that once powerful family. His grace died in 1861, and a memoir of him was published in the following year.—J. T.
* RICHMOND, George, A.R.A., was born, March 28, 1809; entered the Royal Academy as a student in 1824, and early acquired reputation by his portraits in water-colours and in chalk. In his small water-colour portraits the head was finished elaborately, the drapery treated in a broad and slight manner. The style was graceful; the likeness good, though flattered. In this manner Mr. Richmond succeeded to the position and popularity of Chalon. With ladies of rank and the clergy he became the prime favourite: scarce a duchess, a bishop, or a church dignitary, but sat to him. For some time, however, he has aimed at higher achievements. Not to mention his "Agony in the Garden," 1858, and other oil paintings of scriptural subjects, in which he has not been very successful, all his recent portraits sent to the Royal Academy have been life-size and in oil; and he seems in this line to be as popular as in his former. Among his exhibited oil portraits are those of Sir R. H. Inglis, the bishop of Salisbury, the dean of Westminster, and John Ruskin—all good, but smooth likenesses. Mr Richmond was elected A.R.A. in 1857.—J. T—e.
RICHMOND, Legh, was a pious clergyman of the English church, who has obtained an extensive and well-earned reputation among the humbler religious classes of the community, as the author of a series of stories interesting in construction and evangelical in tone. He was born in 1772 at Liverpool, and was the son of a physician who was descended of an ancient and honourable family. He received his education at Trinity college, Cambridge, and was distinguished for talent and exemplary diligence in the pursuit of his studies. He was originally destined for the bar, but in 1797 changed his intentions and
