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176 $. ]7. VENKA TES WA RA tests and had to be towed into submission, but he does not give an account of the inevitable application of Gresham's law leading to the speedy disappearance takes 150 of Rs. 525. Manncci instead of the full-weight rupees. So too there difficulty in selling the goh! ,whur at its ,ohurs (small) Streynsham 1680 that it was easier to sell merchant letters he than in actually the open takes the only Rs. 14 instead of Rs. 15. the current gold coins changers to some slight by the common Besides the and Orissa aad was face value. as worth Rs. 520 Haster ? wrote in toohuts to a private bazaar. In one o[ toohut (large) as wo.rth It may be assumed that were sweated by the money- extent not easily discovered people. precious almonds metals, cowries in Bengal ia Bombay were used as ?noney to a grea? extent. ? In some parts, e.g. Kash- mir, rice was the standard of value. '? Cowries came from the Maldives and were ?sed for petty transactions from as early as the fourth century. Staorinus' bears testimony to the use ? almonds at Surat. Abul Fazl ? gives the table: -' 10 Kl?awan 160 or 200 panams 640 or 800 booties 8,200 or 4,000 gundas 12,800 or 16,000 cowries lle. 1 sures of rice for 12,000 cowry the rupee worth 8,200 cowries. Pyrard de Laval ? (1602) could purchase 20 mea- siteIls. Bowrev v found In the eighteenth century there were two kinds of cowries used in Bengal, according to the Sei'r Mutaq?e.rin. The revenues of Master I. 501. Manueoi lI. 45. Ain. i. Akbar? : Gaaatteer o! Kashmere. Lanepoole p. xe. Ain.i-Akbnri : Oazstteer of Bengal. LavM in 'Purehss' (Hakluyt) IX. 56. Bowrey in 'Mastsr' I. I]93 n. and 394.