Page:Indian Journal of Economics Volume 2.djvu/66

H. 8. JBYO1VS in question must o! course be not incomes, that is to say, what remains at the disposal of the individual after deducting any salary or wages paid for assistance, interest on loans, rent of land or houses, and so forth, for these constitute the incomes enjoyed by other persons. Many statistical estimates of. national income have been made, and the financial and economic questions involved have been adequately discussed. ? It is only necessary to add that here, in discussing the art of economic development, I prefer to use the term 8oc?tl. ?ncor? rather t.han n?tt.ion?tl ?ncom?, because the area uucler consideration will usually be ?hat of some geographical uni? or o?her dis?ric? considerably less in area ?han ?he whole country within ?he national boundary. We have nex? ?o define ?he meaning of ?he ?ot? ?'e?n?; a ?erm which may be used as regards any unit of ?erri?ory ?o denote ?he sum total of ?he follow- ing ?hree classes of money receipts: (1) Civil revenues, ?.?., ?o?al collections of Gorernmen? and local authorities, from ren?s, ?axes and fees (including land revenue); (2) Recdp?s of Oovernmen? from i?s commercial services--railways, canals, pos?s and ?elegraphs, forests, docks, e?c; (3) ?he receipts of o?her owners from public utility services which have ?he nature of public monopolies and which are established either under ?he control of, or wi?h a concession from a governing body, or of which some share of ?he profits is paid ?o Government. In bo?h cases ?he whole receipts, and no? only ?he share paid ?o Government, are to be,. counted. The above ?hree divisions of ?he ?o?al revenue may be appropriately named from ?he special standpoin? of ?he relation of the revenues or incomes to public I ?ee espeoi&!iy Irving Fisher, l?'?t?re Amt Cp, pit? o! Income, Obapte,? IX and XIV; J. C. 8t?mp, Brit?4h Iswomz A?l Property, Chapter X.; L.G. Chiozz? Money, B?c? am? Povertl?, Chapter II.