in a piece of the stem, closing the hole and exposing the stem to the action of fire until it is charred. The milky juice of E. neriifolia is usually administered internally by soaking other
purgatives and aromatics in it, so that by absorption of the juice their purgative properties become increased. A similar method is adopted when the juice is applied externally, a tent or issue pea being prepared with some finely powdered drug and steeped in it. Ainslie tells us that the native practitioners prescribe the juice as a purge and deobstruent, in those visceral obstructions and dropsical affections which are consequent of long-continued intermittent fever, the quantity given for a dose being about ¼ of a pagoda weight (20 grs.). Externally, mixed with margosa oil, it is applied to limbs which have become contracted from rheumatism. (Mat. Ind., Vol. II., p. 97.) In Bombay the root is mixed with country liquor to make it more intoxicating, and the juice is used to kill maggots in wounds, and is dropped into the ear to cure earache, a practice common to many parts of India. In the Concan the stem is roasted in ashes, and the expressed juice, with honey and borax, given in small
doses to promote the expectoration of phlegm ; sometimes the juice of Adulsa is added. For asthma, Mudar flowers, Aghada root, and Gokaran root are steeped in the juice, powdered and given with honey and chebulic myrobalans. Dose about 4 grains. The author of the Makhzan-ul-Adwiya, under the name of Zakûm (Euphorbia), describes four Indian species, which are probably E. antiquorum, E. neriifolia, E. Nivulia and E Tirucalli. The milky juice of the first, he says, is mixed with the flour of Cicer arietinum, roasted, and administered in pills as a remedy for gonorrhœa. It has a strong purgative action. (Dymock.)
1120. E. royleana, Boiss., h.f.b.i., v, 257.
Vern : — Shakar pitan, thar(Pb.); Sali, chula, shún, chu, duro (Himalayan names) ; Sihund (Kumaon) ; Afarbioon (Sind).
Habitat ' — Outer Himalaya, in dry hilly tracts from Kumaon to the Jhelum. Salt Range.
A small tree with fleshy branches. Wood soft, white, spongy. Attains, 15-16ft., and has a girth up to 6ft. Branches with 5, sometimes 7, broad, flat faces, separated by sharp undulating
