"considered and provided for all cases known to have "always happened in the progress of every nation." Comparative preference could not have been more strongly expressed. "It is the only scientifical government." A
stronger expression of contempt for other forms of government could not have been used by a philosopher.
The confinement of the people to an influence over a third part of the legislature, the monarchieal executive, and the independent senate, having the prerogatives of an order, are vital principles of the English system, and applauded; and that applause is an express censure of those vital principles of our policy, which extend the influence of the people far beyond the English limit, erect responsible executives short of monarchical power, and exclude the idea of prerogatived senatorial orders.
The meaning of the term "mixed," frequently used in Mr. Adams's treatise, is defined by the third quotation so precisely, that the loosest imagination will be unable to misconstrue the author as intending by that expression to include the policy of the United States. He limits it to a mixture of ranks or orders, made up of king, lords and commons. A division of powers without an establishment of orders, is not then an object of Mr. Adams's contemplation, when he uses this term.
Jealousy is often mentioned by Mr. Adams as the best effect of his system of balancing orders. In the last quotation, the jealously of the common people against gentlemen, is used as a motive to propel them towards a king, for the purpose of acquiring (his cardinal effect of the balances: namely, jealousy between the king and the gentlemen.
It has been stated, that a mixture of orders belonged to the class of governments founded in the evil qualities of man; and it is repeatedly asserted by Mr. Adams, that its fruit is jealousy. This is a tender term to convey an idea of the distrust, hatred and implacability, which have ever guided orders, possessed of the share of power and wealth required by Mr. Adams's system. The calamities he details.
