The excellencies of our civil policy, and the defects of
all others, cannot be estimated, unless the language used to
explain them is well understood. To the efforts already
made for impressing a correct perception of the principles
on which the reasoning of this essay is founded, we will
therefore add another. To understand, we have analyzed
the intellectual world into two classes, good and evil; and
to discover the members of each class, we fix their qualities, not by the hypothetick, but the practical mode of reasoning. If the fact appears by a satisfactory experiment,
that the political moral being, called hereditary order, or
that called exclusive privilege, begets the evil effects of
avarice, ambition, faction, commotion, tyranny, or any
others, we assign the;t» to the evil class. Aid if by the experience of America, the fact appears, that an equality of civil rights, produces moderate government, or any other national benefit, we assign this moral being to the good class.
Having discovered by their phenomena the classes to which
these beings belong, we conclude, that no human ingenuity
can change the class or the nature of any individual, any
more than it could change the nature of a physical being.
And that it is as obviously erroneous to assert, that hereditary order, or exclusive privilege, will bless mankind, as
that water will burn them.
The possibility of effecting a classification of the beings or individuals of the moral world, and of assigning each to his proper class, by an impartial and careful investigation of phenomena, with a degree of accuracy, exceeding even the classification of the vegetable kingdom, is not incomprehensible. And its importance seems to have been suggested by divine intelligence, in having implanted in every breast, an auxiliary for the head in the prosecution of this science, of acute discernment, and instinctive integrity.
Such a work, however, was neither within my powers nor design. To arrange a few of those moral beings, called political, by the test of facts ; and particularly those of which the American policy and Mr. Adams's system are
