countries, where legal means are used to create wealthy
separate interests. Where wealth is distributed by industry and talents, and not by law, it will nearly cover the
merit and talents of a country, and no wealthy order can
usurp the legislative power, because none will exist. And
high wages, far from enabling merit and virtue to curb a
wealthy separate interest, are only another motive, and
new means, for enabling them to gain possession of legislatures, by corrupting election.
It is said that Doctor Franklin, convinced that the evils of patronage outweighed the benefits of wages to publick officers, would not receive any as chief magistrate of Pennsylvania. Nations require civil and military services. Militia services are rendered to great extent without wages, and those paid for them in war, are regulated by the idea of publick benefit, and not of adequate compensation. Parsimony, applied to civil duties, would not fall heavier on the rich, than it does on the poor, when applied to military duties. If the chief burden of military service is inflicted on one class, as a duty, because it is most capable from its number of discharging it; ought not the chief burden of civil service to be inflicted en the other, as a duty also, because it chiefly possesses the talents for discharging that? A standing army of mercenary civil officers, being as fatal to free government, as an army of soldiers, the militia principle may be as useful and necessary in the one case, as in the other.
Wages sufficiently high to protract legislative sessions, are a sinecure paid by the publick to corrupt the department of government, which ought to be the purest. They excite official fraud and artifice, and subject members to executive influence for the sake of re-election : and tend in this way towards an aristocracy of interest, of the species most malignant to free and fair government ; namely, that compounded of legislative corruption and executive influence.
We ought fully to comprehend the distinction between a personal aristocracy, and an aristocracy of interest, lest
