sealed, and even the traditions of commercial enterprise have perished through desuetude.
The owners of England's pastures opened the campaign. As early as the commencement of the l6th century the beeves of Roscommon, Tipperary, and Queen's County undersold the produce of the English grass counties in their own market.[1] By an Act of the 20th of Elizabeth Irish cattle were declared a "nuisance," and their importation was prohibited. Forbidden to send our beasts alive across the Channel, we killed them at home, and began to supply the sister country with cured provisions. A second Act of Parliament imposed prohibitory duties on salted meats. The hides of the animals still remained, but the same influence soon put a stop to the importation of leather. Our cattle trade abolished, we tried sheep farming. The sheep breeders of England immediately took alarm, and Irish wool was declared contraband by a Parliament of Charles II. Headed in this direction we tried to work up the raw material at home, but this created the greatest outcry of all. Every maker of fustian, flannel, and broadcloth in the country rose up in arms, and by an Act of William III. the woollen industry of Ireland was extinguished, and 20,000
manufacturers left the island. The easiness of the Irish labour market and the cheapness of provisions still giving us an advantage, even though we had
- ↑ See Appendix, p. 147.
