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Tin:
JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
farminfr, 15 entirely to ttiiloiinsr, 12
oombino
funiiinj;
reiiiiiiniinr 3(1
not mily
till llieir
iiiiil
tiiiliiriiiir. iiiul tlie
fiirins liut
also follow
some other
crall. swell as
ma-
sonry, slioemaking, tarpeutry etc. Over 1,500 acres of land are owned by these .settlers, of which 530 are devoted to fruit, 577 to vegeliibles. and the remainder to fodder or i)astiire. There arc 87 dwcllinsr-houses, with 111 ontliuildiniTS. The cupilal invested in 1897 was.sl|-,'.2!t8, of which Sti.H.o:!:} had been rejiaid in cash. The balance remained due. The valueof the yearly productsof the soil was estimated at§17,8()8. The colonists then owned 55 liorscs, 7!) cows, and •1,700 fowls. See also Ai.Li.vNCK, New Jersey. ,
Another Jewish is
known
as
airricultnral colony in
Carmel, and
lies in
(
Xew Jersey
'nndierland county,
southern iiart of the state, midway between Hridirelon and .Millville. The nearest raihfiad station to the colony is at Uoscnhayn, alioul three miles to the north of Carmel. Seventeen Kusso-Jewi.sh farmers, aide<l bv Jlichacl Ileiliirinof New York, settlc<l here in 1880, and called the jilace Carmel. A in the
TuK
Ba.s'U
vear or two after the settlement, 7 of the original inunigrants, discouraged by the jioor resdls, left the <'olony, but their places were soon tilled by others who came from western Russia. In 188!) tint colony contained 28ti p<rsons, of whom 150 were men and boys and 130 wonun and girls, living in 30 honsis. Kighty-two of their children alli'nded the ])ublic school. Tlu; farms comprised 804 acres, of which the Jewish colonists o<<upied 848 acres, allhough only 123 were under cultivation. Corn, rye. buik«heat, vegetables, and berries were the chief crops. I>uriiig the winter the farmers supported Ihemselves by tailoring. In the latter part of 188i(, owing to a Blftof §5,000 liy Ilaron .Maurice de llirseh, 1.500 ad(lilional a<res of land were |)urchased. and 30 new houses creeled at an average cost of §800 each. Theconilition of the colony at Carmel has been one of varying prosperity and ilepression. Oulsiile aid, either iiy the establishment of local industries, by libI'ral loans on mortgage at u low rjile of inleresl. or
has from time to time been necessary to enable the colony to exist. Carmid con-
by
direi
t
tained, in IllOO,
gifts,
8!t
Jewish
families,
exclusively by tailorin>r. These families own 1,029 acresof land. of which 113 are devoted to fruit growing, 504 to raising market produce, while the remaining laud is devoted to pasture or fodder. <»f the dwelling-houses, 48 are occupied, together with 86 barns and other outbuildings. The total valine of these holdings is estimated at §84.574, on which there is an indebtedness of §20,273. The yearly ])roduce of the soil was, in I'.IOO, valued at §12,58.1; that actually sold bidught §8.200, while the remainder wa.s consumed by the liroducers. The settlers of Carmel own 36 horses, 114 cows, and 3,300 fowls. In the community several factories have been established chietly for the manufacture of clothing and the emIiloyment they afford is a source from which many of the settlers derive their principal means of livelihood. Rosenhayn, another colony in the same state, is sitvuiteil in Cumberland county, on the New Jersey Southern Kailroad. It was founded >y the Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society of New York, families hav-
—
of hie Wooddixe touixv. (From a
evi'n
Agricultural Colonies .United States)
whose members
aggregateil 471 persons. The numberof families enftaged exclusively in fanning is 111; 14 cianbine fami-
ng and tailoring, 13 ari' engagid in farming. 23 in trades other than tailoring, ami 33 earn their living
[tWlograpfa.)
ing been sent to the northern part of Rosenliayii in 1883. Ill 1887 other Jewish families bought land near Hosenhayn, and, to jiay for it, workeil at tailoring in I'hiladelphia. In the following year 37 additional families .seliled in the neighborhood, where they were sold farm land on the condition that they should build houses and (ullivate a certain part of This agreetheir holdings within a spccitied time. ment iinposeil hardshi]>son the colonists; for. inorder to meet their i>aymiiits, they had to work at tailorFor some time they lived and toileil in a largo ing. wooden building opposite the Uosinhayn niilway Ily thi' latter |)art of 188!) the Jewish settlersowned l,l)12acresiit Hosenhayn, of which, howproduever, only 201 acres were under cultivation cing chielly berries, corn, and gnipe.s. There were 07 of whii-h were built families, living in 23 houses, by local Jewish carpenters The population at that lime amounted to 2!t4, comprising 140 malis and 145
station.
—
females. Sixty of the children attended the public school. In Ihiscommunily there are 47 families. » ho derive a living wholly or in part from their farms, are and who hold a total of l.;l.ss iicn-s, of which under cullivation. They own 7.415 frnil-IK-es, 28,770 gnipe vines. 12S liors<s and ciiws. and upward of (t.(KM) fowls. The valueof their holdings is estimated at §85.520. upon which there is an indebtetluess of
WH
