He was
and Surgery.
a frequent contributor on
this subject to medical periodicals.
Bibliography Jewish Chronicles, June
1,
1888, p. 7.
AUB, JOSEPH: German
rabbi; cousin of born at Beiersdorf, in Bavaria, 1805 died May 22, 1880. He held various rabbinical posts for fifty years, first in Baireuth (1830-50), then in Mayence (1850-65), and, finally, in Berlin from 1865 until his death. Joseph Aub was distinguished as one of the first Bavarian rabbis who delivered their sermons in German and published them later in pamphlet form. He was a partizan of the Reform movement, but without losing the historic ground of Judaism. He founded a weekly entitled " Sinai " in 1846, but this independent organ met with mediocre success only. Among his writings on theological questions may be mentioned: " Betrachtungen und Widerlegungen," in two parts, 1839 " Biblisches Sprachbuch fiir den Vorbereitenden Unterricht in der Mosaischen Religion," 1868; "Grundlage zu einem Wissenschaf tlichen Unterrichte in der Mosaischen Religion. Bibliography Mlgemeine Zeitung ales Judenthums, 1880,
p. oo9.
A.
s.
AUB, LTJDWIG
S.
C.
Author and poet born Aug. He is a grandson 4, 1862, in Munich, Germany. When his of the rabbi Hirsch Aub, of Munich. father, Max Aub, a lawyer, was recalled to Munich from the little town of Uffenheim, Franconia, where he held an office under the government, Ludwig en:
tered the gymnasium of his native city. From early boyhood he gave evidence of that allabsorbing love for books which afterward led him to seek employment with different firms of booksellers in Vienna and Leipsic, until he himself became a dealer in rare books. This occupation gave
him a comprehensive knowledge literature and, at the
same
time,
modern German put him in touch
of
with men calculated to stimulate his literary tastes. Unfortunately a serious affection of his eyes not only forced him to give up his business, but has seriously Aub has occainterfered with his literary career. sionally championed Jewish interests against antiSemitic attacks.
His first attempt as author was with "Abriss der Deutschen Literaturgeschichte, " Leipsic, 1888. The "MunchnerG'stanzl'n," a book of poems in the North-Bavarian dialect, which appeared in 1889, met with pronounced success. In the same year Aub, in collaboration with Thorn, published a collection of aphorisms and epigrams under the title of "Gnomen und Kobolde." Aub is president of the Orion Literary Association in Munich, which he founded, and is a regular contributor to German periodicals and newspapers. Bibliography: Eckardt, Die Didaktisehe Literatur; Hlnricbsen, Das Literarisehe Deutschland (Index); Brunner, Sehriftstellerlexikon,
s.v.
A.
s.
AUBRIOT, HUGUES
A
des Ursins, "Histoire de Charles VI."). for the king's action, "some of the lower classes ran about the city, entered about forty of the Jewish houses, robbing them of plate, jewels, clothes, and bonds" (ibid.). For four days the dwellings of the Jews were attacked and thus pillaged. The mob rushed upon the terrified Hebrews, cut their throats and tore from the arms of mothers infants whom they hurried to the churches so that they might be baptized (Halphen, " Legislation Concernant les Israelites," Introduction). Aubriot earnestly pleaded the cause of the Jews before the king, and through his influence succeeded in obtaining a royal decree, ordering the restoration of the children to their mothers and the restitution of all property taken from the Jews. For thus championing the cause of the Jews, Aubriot incurred the hostility of the Church, which denounced him as being secretly a Jew, and accused him of various crimes, including that of immorality with Jewesses (J. des Ursins, I.e. compare Sauval, (J.
.
B. B.
Aub
Paris"
Without waiting
a.
Hirsch
Attributes Auer, Leopold
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
297
S.
C.
provost of Paris,
France; born at Dijon; died in Burgundy in 1382.
He was in office at the accession of Charles VI. (1380), when the populace, irritated beyond endurance by the taxes levied upon them, demanded of the king that Jews and usurers be expelled from
.
.
.
"Antiquites de Paris," ii., book x.). Aubriot was finally compelled to do penance and was condemned to perpetual imprisonment on bread and water. He was confined in the Bastile, but about a year later (1382) was released by the mob, during the riots of the " Maillotins. " Unfortunately for the Jews, the rioters, unrestrained in their fury (Felibien, "Histoire de la Ville de Paris "), fell upon them, massacring great numbers, and pillaging their homes (" Ordonnances des Rois de France," vi.). Of the survivors of this massacre some fled, while others were baptized the moneys and other valuable property being given to the Chapel of Vincennes (Leon Kahn, "Les Juifs a Paris," p. 31).
Bibliography: Gratz, Qesch. der Juden, viii. 39; Be'darrides, Les Juifs en France, p. 248 Depping, Les Juifs dans le Mm/en Age, p. 184.
S.
g.
AUER, LEOPOLD
Hungarian
violinist
K.
son
of a poor house-painter; born in Veszprim, HunHis musical talent manifested gary, June 7, 1845. When only four years old he marched itself early. in front of the revolutionary troops, beating the drum, and exciting patriotic enthusiasm among the spectators.
He
received his
first
musical education
from Ridley Kolene at the Conservatory at Budapest; then went to the Vienna Conservatory, where he studied under Dont (1857-58) and completed his studies with Joachim at Berlin. He was musical conductor at Dlisseldorf from 1863 to 1865, and at Hamburg from 1866 to 1868. On the invitation of the St. Petersburg Musical Society he succeeded Wieniaw;
ski as professor of the violin at the conservatory Appointed soloist of the imperial theaters there. (1873), with the title "court-soloist to the Czar," he conducted the concerts of the imperial court-singers (1880-81), and later led the concerts of the Russian Imperial Musical Society (1887-92). Auer still oc-
cupies this last position (1902). From 1881 to 1888 he made a number of tours through Europe as a solo violinist, and participated in the musical festivals at Carlsruhe (1885) and Dlisseldorf (1888). His eminence as a talented musical instructor is attested
by the many renowned violin-players that his more than forty pupils; of
have been among
