Page:John Adams - A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America Vol. I. (1787).djvu/236

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Ancient Republics, &c.

draw towards intimacies among themſelves, and generate a multitude, ſeize the citadel of the ſoul of the youth, finding it evacuated of noble learning and purſuits, and of true reaſoning, which are the bet watchmen and guardians in the underſtandings of men beloved of the gods; and then falſe and boaſting reaſonings and opinions, ruſhing up in their ſtead, poſſeſs the ſame place in ſuch a one. Theſe falſe and boaſting reaſonings, denominating modeſty to be ſtupidity; temperance, unmanlineſs; moderation, ruſticity; decent expence, illiberality; thruſt them all out diſgracefully, and expel them their territories, and lead in in triumph inſolence and anarchy, and luxury and impudence, with encomiums and applauſes, ſhining with a great retinue, and crowned with crowns. Inſolence they denominate education; anarchy, liberty; luxury, magnificence; and impudence, manhood. In this manner, a youth bred up with the neceſſary deſires changes into the licentiouſneſs and remiſſneſs of the unneceſſary and unprofitable pleaſures; his life is not regulated by any order, but deeming it pleaſant, free, and happy, he puts all laws whatever on a level; like the city, he is fine and variegated, and many men and women too would deſire to imitate his life, as he hath in him a great many patterns of republics and of manners.

It remains, that we go over the moſt excellent republic, which is tyranny, and the moſt excellent man, who is the tyrant. The change is from democracy to tyranny, as from oligarchy to democracy. An inſatiable deſire of riches, and a neglect of other things, through attention to making money, deſtroys oligarchy; and an inſatiable thirſt of liberty deſtroys democracy. When a city is under a democracy, and is thirſting after li-

berty,