whom they chooſe for three years, and maintain out of the public ſtock. He muſt be a doctor of law, and a man of known integrity. He is joined in commiſſion with the capitaneos, and acts ſomething like the recorder of London under the lord mayor. The fourth man in the ſlate is the phyſician: another perſon, who makes no ordinary figure in the republic, is the ſchoolmaſter. Few in the place but have ſome tincture of learning.
The people are eſteemed very honeſt, and rigorous in the execution of juſtice, and ſeem to live more happy and contented among their rocks and ſnows, than others of the Italians do in the pleaſanteſt vallies in the world. Nothing indeed can be a greater inſtance of the natural love mankind has for liberty, and of their averſion to arbitrary government, than ſuch a ſavage mountain covered with people, and the Campania of Rome, which lies in the ſame country, almoſt deſtitute of inhabitants.
This is the account of St. Marino. Yet, if all authority is here collected in one center, that center is not the nation. Although the original repreſentation in the arengo was of houſes, that is to ſay, of property, rather than of the perſons of the citizens, and conſequently not very equal, as it excluded all perſonal property, as well as all who had no property; yet even ſuch an agrarian, it ſeems, was not a ſufficient check to licentiouſneſs, and they found it neceſſary to inſtitute a ſenate of forty men. Here, at leaſt, commenced as complete an ariſtocracy as that of ancient Rome; or, to expreſs it more exactly, as complete a ſeparation of the ariſtocratical from the democratical part of the community: and there are two remarkable circumſtances in confir-
