Page:John Adams - A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America Vol. I. (1787).djvu/78

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Ariſtocratical Cantons.

The ſovereignty and legiſlative authority reſides in the council of two hundred perſons, compoſed of the two avoyers, who are for life; twenty-two counſelors; four bannerets; ſixty other counſellors, from whom the twenty-four who compoſe the ſenate, in which reſides the executive power, are taken when they are to be replaced; and one hundred and twelve others, whom they call the grand ſenate of two hundred.

The two avoyers are elected by the plurality of ſuffrages of all the citizens. They hold their offices for life, and preſide alternately a year. The twenty-two counſellors are alſo for life, and are deſignated by lot, as well as the bannerets, whoſe charges continue but three years. The ſixty alſo are nominated by lot, and are drawn from the hundred and twelve, called the two hundred. Theſe laſt come forward in the ſtate by the preſentation and nomination of the ſecret chamber, compoſed of twenty-four beſides the bannerets, who are the chiefs of it. This chamber, which is ſovereign, beſides the right of nomination to the ſtate, has alone that of correction, and of propoſing regulations.

The two avoyers, the twenty-two counſellors, and the four bannerets, form the little ſenate, which hears and determines civil cauſes, and aſſembles every day.

The affairs of ſtate are carried before the grand ſenate of two hundred.

The tribes are corporations of tradeſmen, who have no part in government, and who aſſemble in their abbays, only for the affairs of their occupations, and all their ſtatutes are approved or rejected by the ſenate.

There are thirty-one bailiwicks ſubject to this canton. The method of determining the mem-

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