CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES
sion; by Frederic A. Delano, President of the Wabash Railroad Company, and others. It has been made clear in these discussions that it is unfortunate to assign to a commission or to any expert the study and analysis of a single system of transportation, involving only the steam railroad properties, the rapid transit lines, or the surface car lines. The component parts of the problem cannot properly be separated. There is a distinct and proper relation between the functions and physical properties of steam railroads, rapid transit lines either existing or proposed, and the usual electric car lines running on the surface of streets. Whenever possible, the entire problem should be considered and attacked as a unit, and the development of the system as a whole should entail the consideration of all transportation routes.
Among the books of special importance dealing with steam railroads in relation to the city plan may be mentioned: F. A. Delano, "Railway Terminals and Their Relation to City Planning," Engineering Record, December, 1 909; Edward Hungerford, "The Modern Railroad"; J. A. Droege, "Freight Terminals and Trains," including a revision of yards and terminals, 1912; George R. Wadsworth, Proceedings National Conference on City Planning, 1910.
The proper development of water frontages, harbors and docks is essential to practical city planning. The navigable waters of the United States are such as are navigable in fact, and which by themselves, or in connection with other waters, form a continuous channel for commerce with foreign countries or among the states. In England, waters are theoretically navigable if they rise to flow of the tide, the public having the rights of fishing and navigation, but the
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