The Cannibal King in the "Kedah Annals."
By C. O. Blagden.
The story of the cannibal king on pp. 71–77 of the "Hikayat Marong Mahawangsa" (J.R.A.S., S.B., No. 72, May, 1916), differs a good deal in setting and incident from the similar tale in Number 531 of Fausböll's series of the "Maha-Sutasoma-Jataka" (vol. V, p. 246 seq. of the translation by Francis in Cowell's edition): but these two tales have so many points of agreement that it is difficult to suppose they are unconnected. 1 shall mention a few of the chief differences, as they occur in the course of the narrative: but my main purpose will be to draw attention. to points of resemblance.
The openings differ. In the Indian story the king of Benares developes cannibal propensities in accordance with Buddhist ideas of transmigration, because in a previous existence he has been a Yakkha or ogre; and he has occasion first to taste human flesh, because one day a dog steals his plate of meat and the king's cook (a man) dishes up instead a portion of flesh cut from a fresh corpse in the cemetery.
In the Malay story, the cannibal king of Kedah is the son of an ogress or Gĕrgasi; and he first tastes human blood, when one day his cook, a woman, cutting her finger by accident lets the blood drip into a vegetable curry and there is no time to prepare another dish.
Incidentally one may surmise that the detail of the "fresh corpse" in the Indian version is an instance of the old Buddhist custom (similar to the Parsi habit) of exposing corpses to be eaten by birds of prey; and one may compare Groeneveldt's "Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Malacca," s.v. Tun-Sun, in "Essays Relating to Indo-China, Second Series," vol. I. p. 240, where however the dying are so exposed.
After the opening the two stories agree in many details. In both, the king takes great pleasure in his horrid meal, even before he is aware of its ingredients. In both, the cook is threatened with death in default of confession as to the recipé! In both, the cook confesses, and the king, so far from being shocked, orders more of the gruesome fare, battening first on prisoners from the gaol and later kidnapping the bodies of innocent people to supply the royal table; until at last there is uproar in the realm.
In the Indian tale the cook is caught taking flesh from the body of a woman he has just killed; in the Malay, the king is attacked by a bravo and a great fight ensues. In both tales, the king's
