In the next chapter, we’ll consider problems associated with these holistic models in detail, introducing a few of the more pressing puzzles that neither energy balance models nor EMICs are capable of resolving, and then surveying how more elaborate models are supposed to meet these challenges. However, high-level climate models (and the methods scientists employ to work with them) are not without problems of their own; while they are capable of meeting some of the challenges that EMICs cannot meet, they face other challenges that EMICs do not face. Let us now turn to the problems that force us to supplement EMICs and examine how high-level models are designed and employed.
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