of Mary Stewart, 146; detention and death of Mary Stewart, 151-3; Armada, 153; proposes terms to Philip, 154; and Charles IX., 160; claim to English throne, 197
Elizabeth of Russia, 300
Elizabeth Stuart, Princess Palatine, 184, 265
Elliot, success at Gibraltar, 314
Emanuel, Philibert, 49
Emmanuel of Portugal, 53, 54, 65,81, 137
England—
Tudor, 37; relations with Rome during divorce question, 137-43; break with Rome, 141; suppression of the Orders, 142; external policy after Elizabeth, 195; civil war of Charles I., 203; attempt at absolute monarchy, 205; Triple Alliance, 210, 238; policy under Charles II., 241; Partition Treaty, 254; policy in Succession War, 260; commercial interest in Succession War, 262, 263; South American trade, 274; Seven Years' War, 292 et seq.; alliance with Frederick the Great, 295 et seq.; expansion under Pitt, 299; European combination against, 313
England, New. See New England
Epirus, 35
Erasmus—
At Rome, 80; New Testament and the Fathers, 83; the letters to Ortwin Gratius, 86; character, 86-7; translations of, 87-8; later years, 88-9; and Luther, 97, 100; "Bible only," 98; summons to Rome, 103; and freewill, 105; and Paul III., 109; and Henry VIII., 138
Estaing, D', 313
Esthonia, retention by Peter the Great, 281
Estrées, D', beats D. of Cumberland, 295
Eugene, Prince, 186, 287—
Attempt on Milan, 258; joins Marlborough, 259; successes of, 260; at the Hague, 261; deserted by Ormonde, 262
Eugenius IV., Pope, 77, 90
Europe, improved state following Seven Years' War, 302-4
Excise Bill, the, 272-3
Exclusion Bill, the, 26; the second, 214
Fabricius, Bohemian Secretary, 183
Fairfax, Lord, 207
Faraday, M., 21
Farnese, Cardinal. (See also Paul III., Pope), 118
Farnese, Duke of Parma, in the Netherlands, 49, 145, 153, 154, 166; death, 168
Faure, Jesuit, cited, 116-7
Fawkes, Guy, 198
Fénelon, 5-6, 269
Ferdinand of Aragon—
Marriage with Isabella, 37; Treaty of Barcelona, 39-40; partition of Naples, 41-2; death, 47
Ferdinand of Brunswick, 295, 296
Ferdinand II.—
Succession, 183; policy, 128, 192; appeal to Germany, 184; the League and, 186; commissions Wallenstein, 186; issues Edict of Restitution, 187; rupture with Wallenstein, 187-8; subsequent relations with Wallenstein, 189-93
Ferrara, Duchess of, 42
Feuillade, Marshal La, 262
Ficino, cited, 80
Filelfo, 75; writings of, 80
Finland, 281
Firmian, 303
Firth, Lives, 203
Fisher, Bishop, 105; and the Royal Supremacy, 141
Flaminio, "Benefit of the Death of Christ," 110, 119
Flanders, French designs on, 158-9; Turenne overruns, 237-8
Fleury, policy, 290
Florence—
Conquest by Charles VIII., 38-9; Cæsar Borgia and, 43; Council of, 75, 77
Fonseca, D.—
Envoy of Ferdinand, 40; protects Magellan, 65; Cortez and, 68
Fontenoy, 267
Forbes, report of Calicut, 56
Formosus, 82
Fornovo, battle of, 40
Fort Duquesne, 293
Fortescue, 195
Foscari, Doge, 45
France—
Policy of expansion, 37-8; League of Cambray, 45-6; Calvinism in, 155 et seq.; settlement of religious frontiers, 155; religious wars in, 157-8; designs on Flanders, 158-9; massacre of St. Bartholomew, 159-63; Treaty of Vervins, 170; siege of Rochelle, 177; results of Richelieu's rule, 179; Peace of the Pyrenees,
