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IDENTITY WITH VLAENDEREN ISLAND 89 name more nearly the same outward location, though it is still distinctly American. Nicolay's name "orbolunda" is one of the many puzzling things connected with this island. His "Man" may be either a reversion to the fifteenth-century name, or, more likely, a modification of, or error in copying from Gas- taldi's map-illustration 28 of Ramusio about ten years previously, which allots the same inclement site to an "isola de demoni" and depicts the little capering devils in wait there for their prey. It is likely, though, that Gastaldi had no thought of dentifying it with May da. But the neighborhood of the island of Brazil and Green Island seem nearly conclusive evidence that Nicolay intended I Man for Mayda and had ascribed to it, by reason of evil association, the supposed attributes of Gas- taldi's island. However, Ramusio himself in I566, 29 the same year as Zaltieri, set his "Man" south of Brazil off the coast of Ireland. The only really important contributions of these maps are their testimony to the continued diabolical reports of Mayda, or Man, and the apparent conviction of Nicolay and Zaltieri that the island was after all American; a suggestion that could have had no meaning and no support in the times when America was unrecognized. Evidently these map-makers did not regard the inadequate western longitude of Mayda, or Man, in the older maps as a formidable objection. Presumably they were well aware how many of the insular oceanic distances as shown by these forerunners needed stretching in the light of later discovery. But their views with regard to an American Mayda seem to have ended with them, so far as map representation is concerned. POSSIBLE IDENTITY OF VLAENDEREN ISLAND WITH MAYDA There is another curious and rather mystifying episodical divergence in the cartography of that period, this time on the 28 Justin Winsor: Cartier to Frontenac: Geographical Discovery in the Interior of North America in Its Historical Relations, 1534-1700, with Full Cartographical Illustrations from Contemporary Sources, Boston and New York, 1894, P- 60. 2 A. E. Nordenskiold, Periplus, Fig. 76, p. 163.