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42 ST. BRENDAN'S ISLANDS THE DULCERT MAP OF 1339 The second cartographical appearance of the saint's name seems to be in the portolan map 10 of Angelinus Dulcert, the Majorcan, dated 1339, where three islands corresponding to those now known as the Madeiras (Madeira, Porto Santo, and Las Dezertas) and on the same site are labeled "Insulle Sa Brandani siue puelan." Since "u" was currently substituted for "v," and "m" and V were interchangeable on these old maps, the last two words should probably be read "sive puellam." How- ever the ending of the inscription be interpreted, there can be no doubt about St. Brendan and his title to the islands according to Dulcert. And that this island group must be identified with Madeira and her consorts (though Madeira is named Capraria and Porto Santo is named Primaria) hardly admits of any ques- tion. If the identificatioj^fjbhe^i^dijthe_Fortunate Islands espe- cially favored by St. Brendan were no morelhanlT conjecture of Dulcert or some predecessor, it still had a certain plausibility from the facts of nature and the favorable report of antiquity. Strabo may have borne these islands in mind when he wrote: "the golden apples of the Hesperides, the Islands of the Blessed they speak of, which we know are still pointed out to us not far distant from the extremities of Maurusia, and opposite to Ga- des." 11 Apparently, too, Diodorus Siculus, writing half a century or so before the Christian era about what happened a thousand years earlier still, means Madeira by the "great island of very mild and healthful climate" and "in great part mountainous but much likewise champaign, which is the most sweet and pleasant part of all the rest;" 13 whereto the Phoenicians were storm-driven "A. E. Nordenskiold: Periplus: An Essay on the Early History of Charts and Sailing-Directions. Stockholm, 1897, PI. 8. 11 The Geography of Strabo, literally translated with notes: the first six books by H. C. Hamilton, the remainder by W. Falconer, 3 vols., H. C. Bohn, London, 1854- 57; reference in Vol. i, p. 226. 12 The Historical Library of Diodorus the Sicilian, in 15 Books, to which are added the fragments of Diodorus, and those published by H. Valesius, I. Rhodo- mannus, and F. Ursinus; transl. by G. Booth, Esq., 2 vols., London, 1814; reference in Vol. i, Bk. 5, Ch. 2, pp. 308-309.