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44 ST. BRENDAN'S ISLANDS century maps, notably the Atlante Mediceo 14 of 1351. Also the Book of the Spanish Friar, 15 dating from about the middle of that century, contains in his enumeration of islands the words "another Desierta, another Lecname, another Puerto Santo." It would seem to have been a familiar appellation about 1350 or earlier, and the suggestion naturally occurs that it may have originated in the tradition of the visit and blessing of the Irish saint. At any rate, the Portuguese, in the fifteenth-century re- discovery, can have had nothing to do with conferring it. ANIMAL AND BIRD NAMES OF ISLANDS Concerning such names as Canaria, Capraria, etc., which, by reason of other associations, appear oddly out of place in this group, the more general question is raised of the tendency to apply animal and bird names to Eastern Atlantic islands. Goat, rabbit, dog, falcon, dove, wolf, and crow were applied to various islands long before the Portuguese visited the Madeiras and Azores, finding them untenanted; these names long held their ground on the maps, and some of them are in use even now. The reason for their adoption piques one's curiosity. If they could be taken as throwing any light on the fauna of these islands in 1350, they might also instruct us as to the probability of prior human occupancy or previous connection with the mainland. But, of course, in any significant instances some fancied resemblance of aspect may have suggested the name. MADEIRA Madeira, meaning island of the woods or forest island, is a direct Portuguese translation from the Italian "I. de Legname" 14 Theobald Fischer: Sammlung mittelalterlicher Welt- und Seekarten italieni- fchen Ursprungs, i vol. of text and 17 portfolios containing photographs of maps, Venice, 1877-86; reference in Portfolio 5 (Facsimile del Portolano Laurenziano- Gaddiano dell' anno 1351), PI. 4. " Book of the Knowledge of All the Kingdoms, Lands, and Lordships That Are in the World, and the Arms and Devices of Each Land and Lordship, or of the Kings and Lords Who Possess Them, written by a Spanish Franciscan in the middle of the I4th century, published for the first time with notes by Marcos Jimenez de la Espada in 1877, translated and edited by Sir Clements Markham, Hakluyt Soc. Publs., 2nd Ser., Vol. 29, London, 1912; reference on p. 29.