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RIGHT OF PROTECTION IN MOROCCO—JULY 3, 1880
73

Who, in virtue of their full powers, recognized as being in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

Article 1[1]

The conditions under which protection may be conceded are those established in the British and Spanish treaties with the Government of Morocco, and in the convention made between that Government, France and other powers in 1863, with the modifications introduced by the present convention.

Art. 2

Foreign Representatives at the head of a Legation may select their interpreters and employees from among the subjects of Morocco or others.

These protected persons shall be subject to no duty, impost or tax whatever, other than those stipulated in articles 12 and 13.

Art. 3

Consuls, Vice consuls or Consular Agents having charge of a post, and residing within the territory of the Sultan of Morocco, shall be allowed to select but one interpreter, one soldier and two servants from among the subjects of the Sultan, unless they may require a native secretary.

These protected persons shall, in like manner, be subject to no duty, impost or tax whatever, other than those stipulated in articles 12 and 13.

Art. 4

If a Representative shall appoint a subject of the Sultan to the office of Consular Agent in a town on the coast, such agent shall be respected and honored, as shall the members of his family occupying the same dwelling with him, and they, like him shall be subject to no duty, impost or tax whatever, other than those stipulated in articles 12 and 13; but he shall not have the right to protect any subject of the Sultan other than the members of his own family.


  1. A U.S. note of Feb. 13, 1914, addressed to the French Ambassador at Washington, stated in part:

    "The provisions of the convention of 1863 appear to be substantially the same as the 'regulations relative to protection adopted by common consent by the Legation of France and the Government of Morocco, August 19, 1963,' reprinted in 'Treaties in Force, 1904,' at the end of the Madrid convention. . . . The British and Spanish treaties mentioned in Article I of the Madrid convention are presumably the general treaty of December 9, 1856, between Great Britain and Morocco, and the treaty of commerce and navigation of November 20, 1861, between Spain and Morocco." (1914 For. Rel. 909.) For background, see II Hackworth 554.

    For text of the 1863 regulations see p. 78; for the general treaty of Dec. 9, 1856, between Great Britain and Morocco, see British and Foreign State Papers, vol. 46, p. 176; for the treaty of commerce and navigation of Nov. 20, 1861, between Spain and Morocco, see ibid., vol. 53, p. 1089.