Page:Manual of the Foochow dialect.pdf/16

Diphthongs in the first tone.

1. ai, as in aisle, aye, while.
2. au, as„ ow in now, howl.
3. eu,
4. iă,
5. ié,
6. io, have the sounds of the component vowels.
7. iu, as ew in pew, chew.
8. oi, has the sound of the component vowels.

Triphthong in the first tone.

1. ieu, has the sound of the component vowels.

Consonants.

1. ch, as in church.
2. ch’, the aspirate ch, or the same as ch with an additional h, which is always represented by the Greek spiritus asper, or mark of rough breathing.
3. h, as in hand at the beginning of words, while at the end it is not fully enunciated, but marks an abrupt closing of the vocal organs.
4. k, as in king at the beginning of words, while at the end it is a suppressed k sound, and (like the h) marks an abrupt closing of the vocal organs.
5. k’, the aspirate k.
6. l, as in lay.
7. m, as„ in„ may.
8. n, as„ in„ nay.
9. ng, as„ in„ singing, both at the beginning and end of words.
10. p, as„ in„ pay.
11. p’, the aspirate p.
12. s, as in say.
13. t, as„ in„ tame.
14. t’, the aspirate t.
15. w, as in want, wing, swan, in the beginning and middle of words.
16. y, as in yore.