| * Achenes villous. Flowers white except in 1. | |
| Stem leafy, 2–3 ft. high. Flowers yellow | 1. G.urbanum. |
| Leaves chiefly radical, 3–5 in. long. Panicles few-flowered. Styles longer than the achenes | 2. G. parviflorum. |
| Leaves all radical, ¾–1½ in. Flowers small, in 3–5-flowered racemes. Styles shorter than the achenes | 3. G. sericeum. |
| Leaves all radical, 1–3 in. Flowers solitary, large, ¾ in. diam. Styles long | 4. G.uniflorum. |
| ** Achenes glabrous. Flowers small, white. | |
| 3–6 in. high. Flowers in cymose panicles | 5. G . leiospermum. |
| 1–2 in. high. Flowers solitary | 6. G. pusillum. |
G. alpinum, Buch. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xix. (1887) 216, is quite unknown to me, and there are no specimens in his herbarium. The original description is vague and insufficient, and the name had far better be dropped.
1. G. urbanum, Linn. Sp. Plant. n. 501, var. strictum.—An erect sparingly branched herb 1–3 ft. high, usually softly pubescent or villous in all its parts. Radical leaves very variable in size, 4–18 in. long including the petiole, pinnate; leaflets 3–5 pairs with much smaller ones intermixed, 1–3 in. long, ovate or obovate, cuneate at the base, sessile, variously toothed lobed or pinnatifid. Cauline leaves few, smaller, with fewer and more sharply toothed leaflets, sessile or nearly so; stipules leafy, coarsely toothed or lobed. Flowers ½–¾ in. diam., yellow, few together in a loose terminal panicle; peduncles slender, erect. Calyx-lobes ovate, acuminate, reflexed in fruit. Petals obovate, exceeding the calyx. Achenes very numerous, forming a dense oblong head, spreading and recurved, hispid with long silky hairs; awn long, hooked at the tip.—Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 55; Kirk, Students' Fl. 128. G. magellanicum, Comm. ex Pers. Syn. ii. 57; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 55.
North and South Islands: Not uncommon from the Paparata Valley and Waikato River southward. Sea-level to nearly 3000 ft. November–January.
The New Zealand variety has a wide distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, and is found in some parts of Asia as well. It differs from the European G. urbanum principally in the taller and more robust habit and larger flowers.
2. G. parviflorum, Sm. in Rees Cyclop. v. n. 12.—An erect or spreading perennial herb 4–18 in. high, everywhere clothed with silky or villous hairs, sometimes almost shaggy; rootstock stout, woody. Radical leaves 2–5 in. long, pinnate; terminal leaflet very large, ¾–2 in. diam., rouuded-reniform, obscurely 3–5-lobed, crenate, hairy on both surfaces; lateral leaflets 4–8 pairs, all minute, deeply cut and lobed. Cauline leaves or bracts few, small, deeply toothed. Panicles lax, few-flowered; pedicels long, slender. Flowers ½ in. diam., white. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or subacute. Petals broad, obtuse, longer than the calyx. Achenes very numerous, spreading, stipitate, clavate, villous; style slender,
