6. Turkey is an empire consisting of many different parts. It is like a body, the head of which is in Europe, the other parts elsewhere.
Turkey is, perhaps, the worst governed country in the world, but the people now have some share in the government. The Emperor is called the Sultan. The land is fertile, but the farming is wretched. In fact, scarcely anything is well done in all the country.
A spice shop in the streets of Constantinople.
Two good things, however, are made: carpets and at'-tar of roses—a perfume made from rose leaves. Near the cities where this perfume is made, whole fields are planted with rose trees.
The Turks are Mohammedans. They worship God, but they do not consider the Bible as his word. Instead of it they have the Koran, a book written by Mohammed, whom they call "The Prophet." Their churches are called mosques (mosks). Friday is their Sunday.
Con-stan-ti-no'-ple, the capital, is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
7. The Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Servia, Roumania, and Montenegro were formerly parts of the Empire of Turkey. Bulgaria was the last of these states to become entirely independent of Turkish rule.
These four countries and Turkey occupy a region called the Balkan peninsula. Roumania and Bulgaria are in the fertile valley of the Danube river; Servia and Bulgaria are more mountainous. Servia has no seacoast.
The chief products are grain, hogs, and cattle.
Ruin of ancient buildings in Athens. The hill in the background was the
Acropolis, or citadel, of the town. On its summit was the Parthenon, or
Temple of Minerva, the most beautiful building in the world.
For Recitation.—Of what does Southern Europe consist? What are the chief exports of Spain and Portugal? For what is Italy noted? What can you say of Greece? Name two of the leading manufactures of Turkey. What are the chief products of Roumania, Servia, and Bulgaria?
REVIEW OF EUROPE.
Countries.—In what part of the continent is it? Name the capital.—Sweden. Norway. Great Britain. Netherlands. Germany. Denmark. Russia. France. Belgium. Switzerland. Austria-Hungary. Turkey. Servia. Roumania. Greece. Italy. Spain. Portugal.
Islands.—Near what port of the coast? To what country does it belong?—Ireland. Hebrides. Orkneys. Shetland Isles. Sicily. Sardinia. Corsica. Crete.
Capes.—On what part of the coast?—North. Matapan. St. Vincent. Finisterre (-tair).
Mountains.—Where are they, and in what direction do the ranges extend?—Alps. Caucasus. Ural. Apennines. Pyrenees. Balkan. Carpathian. Doverfield. Mt. Etna. Mt. Vesuvius.
Bay, Gulf, and Seas.—Where is it?—Bay of Biscay. Gulf of Bothnia. Mediterranean Sea. Black Sea. Baltic. Adriatic. North Sea. White. Irish.
Straits.—Connects what waters? Separates what lands?—Gibraltar. Dover. Messina.
Rivers.—Where does it rise? Into what does it flow?—Volga. Danube. Dnieper. Don. Dwina. Vistula. Oder. Elbe. Rhine. Rhone. Po. Seine. Tagus. Loire (lwar).
Lakes.—Where is it?—La-do'-ga. O-ne'-ga. Caspian Sea.
Cities.—In what country? On or near what water? —Liverpool, Edinburgh. Lyons. Hamburg. Dresden. Moscow. Odessa. Dublin. Naples. Venice. Marseilles. Trieste. Nizhni Novgorod.
