American countries except Brazil and Guiana once belonged to Spain.
A village inn.
4. Cities.—Many of the houses in South America are built of sun-dried brick, painted with gay colors, such as pink or yellow, and roofed with scarlet tiles.
In some of the cities earthquakes often occur, and the dwellings are built only one story high, so they will not be shaken down. With us every house must have one chimney, and many have more than one. In the northern part of South America few houses have any, as fires are not needed.
Caracas.—The city is only six miles from the coast, but on a plateau about 3,000 above it.
Rio de Janeiro, or Rio, the capital of Brazil, is the chief commercial city. Its bay, dotted with many islands, is very beautiful.
Santos and Rio are the greatest coffee markets in the world.
Most of the coffee is carried by negroes. Long lines of them may be seen trotting through the streets, each with a great sack of coffee on his head.
Para (pa-rah) is the great India rubber port. Bahia (bah-ee'-ah) exports coffee and cocoa. Pernambuco is noted for the export of sugar and cotton. Maracaibo (ma-ra-ki'-bo) has given its name to the coffee grown in Colombia and Venezuela. Buenos Aires and Montevideo are the great cattle ports.
Santiago, Valparaiso (val-pah-ri'-so), and Lima are important commercial cities on the Pacific coast.
For Recitation.—Who live in South America? What forms of government have its countries? What have you learned of Rio de Janeiro? Of other cities?
A street in Santiago, Chile.
REVIEW OF SOUTH AMERICA.
Countries.— In what part of the continent is it? Name the capital.—Colombia. Venezuela. Guiana. Ecuador. Peru, Brazil. Bolivia. Chile. Argentina, Paraguay. Uruguay.
Islands.—Near what part of the coast?—Trinidad. Tierra del Fuego. Falkland.
Capes.—On what part of Vie coast?—Gallinas. Horn. St. Roque. Blanco.
Mountains.—Where are they? In what direction do the ranges extend?—Andes. Organ. Cotopaxi. Aconcagua.
Gulf and Sea.—Where is it?—Gulf of Darien. Gulf of Guayaquil. Caribbean Sea.
Strait.—Connects what waters? Separates what lands?—Magellan.
Rivers.—Where does it rise? Into what does it flow?—Amazon. Orinoco. Rio de la Plata. Madeira. Purus. Tocantins. Parana. Paraguay.
Lakes.—Where is each?—Titicaca. Maracaibo.
Cities.—In what country? On or near what water?—Para. Bahia. Maracaibo. Rosario. Sucré. Callao. Cordova. Valparaiso.
