Page:Medieval Military Architecture in England (volume 1).djvu/427

The Keep of Clitheroe, Lancashire. 397 Roger's daughters. However this may have been, he possessed CHfford Castle at the time of the Survey, and died 1102. How the castle passed from De Toni is unknown, but here Simon, son of Richard FitzPons, was seated, and founded a priory, and he and his brother Richard are said by Dugdale to have adopted the sirname of Clifford. Walter de Clifford, son of Richard, was a great Marcher Baron, and living in 11 65. His son, Walter the second, was a still more powerful Baron. He died 1222, having married Margaret, daughter of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, and was father of a third Walter, and of Roger, ancestor of the great house of Clifford, Earls of Cumberland. He may well have been the builder of the existing castle. Walter, who died 1263, closed the elder line. Maud, his heiress, is said to have married, first William de Longspee, Earl of Salisbury, and, second, John Giffard, of Brimmesfield, who held, probably during her life, Brunless Castle, the manor of Glasbury, and the manor and castle of Clifford, being seized of them at his death, 27 Edward I. Maud's daughter by Longspee married Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, and probably upon her mother's death she obtained her heritage, for in the inquisition held upon De Lacy and his wife, 4 Edward 11. , the manor and castle of Clifford are in- cluded. The castle had probably now ceased to be of importance, for it does not again occur in the inquisitions. It is not usually regarded as having been the caput of an Honour ; but Giffard's inquisition mentions its tenants by knights' service, and John de Solars, 4 Edward 11. , holds Paunteleye manor of the " Honour of Clifford," in the county of Gloucester, which in those days was not always distinguished from other parts of the march. The Church of Clifford throws no light upon the architecture or owners of the castle. The tower, of considerable size and solid aspect, may be moderately old, but the rest of the building has been rebuilt in the churchwarden manner prevalent in 1836, the roofs, however, having been preserved. Also, from the old building, are preserved a good coffin-lid cross in a circle, placed most un- wisely as a cill to the north door ; a font, or rather the octagonal bowl of one, probably of Decorated date ; and in the chancel, loose on a shelf, a very fine life-sized effigy of an ecclesiastic, robed and tonsured, boldly designed and excellently executed in wood, and which deserves better care. THE KEEP OF CLITHEROE, LANCASHIRE. THE castle of Clitheroe, the chief seat of an ancient and exten- sive honour, though one of the smallest, is perhaps the strongest, the oldest, and from its position one of the most remarkable.