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to fifteen sous a day. Inflamed at once into rage, and without enquiring into its truth, they flew to his house in vast numbers, de stroyed every thing in it, and in his magazines and work shops, without secreting, however, a pin s worth to themselves, and were continuing this work of devastation, when the regular troops were called in. Admonitions being disregarded, they were of necessity fired on, and a regular action ensued, in which about one hundred of them were killed, before the rest would disperse. There had rarely passed a year without such a riot, in some part or other of the kingdom ; and this is distinguished only as cotemporary with the Revolution, although not produced by it.
The States General were opened on the 5th of May, 89, by speeches from the King, the Garde des Sceaux, Lamoignon, and Mr. Necker. The last was thought to trip too lightly over the constitutional reformations which were expected. His notices of them in this speech, were not as full as in his previous * Rapport au Roi. This was observed, to his disadvantage : but much al lowance should have been made for the situation in which he was placed, between his own counsels, and those of the ministers and party of the court. Overruled in his own opinions, compelled to de liver, and to gloss over those of his opponents, and even to keep their secrets, he could not come forward in his own attitude.
The composition of the Assembly, although equivalent, on the whole, to what had been expected, was something different in its elements. It had been supposed, that a superior education would carry into the scale of the Commons, a respectable portion of the Noblesse. It did so as to those of Paris, of its vicinity, and of the other considerable cities, whose greater intercourse with enlighten ed society had liberalised their minds, and prepared them to ad vance up to the measure of the times. But the Noblesse of the country, which constituted two thirds of that body, were far in their rear. Residing constantly on their patrimonial feuds, and familiarised, by daily habit, with Seigneurial powers and practices, they had not yet learned to suspect their inconsistence with reason and right. They were willing to submit to equality of taxation, but not to descend from their rank and prerogatives to be incor porated in session with the Tiers etat. Among the Clergy, on the other hand, it had been apprehended that the higher orders of the Hierarchy, by their wealth and connections, would have carried the elections generally ; but it turned out, that in most cases, the lower clergy had obtained the popular majorities. These consist ed of the Cures, sons of the peasantry, who had been employed to do all the drudgery of parochial services for ten, twenty, or VOL. i. 10
