Loc., living. In local patches (Boreal) in the British Seas, chiefly on the coast of Scotland, where it grows to a great size, and is very abundant in particular localities, as Loch Fine. Its usual range is from 15 to 30 fathoms, and it has been taken by Mr. MacAndrew and myself as deep as 80 fathoms, more than 20 miles from the nearest land. It occurs in more northern latitudes on the Scandinavian coast; also in the seas of Boreal America. South of Britain it is apparently confined to very deep water, and has been taken in the Mediterranean.
Note. The great horizontal and vertical range of this species corresponds with its range in time. The Terebratula striatula of geologists—a species which commences its range in the upper green sand, and is found in the upper and lower chalk, and in the London clay—appears to be identical with it. Hence it may be regarded as one of the oldest of existing animals.
Order Palliobranchiata.
3. Pholas crispata, Linnæus.
Loc., fossil. In a fragmentary state in the drift beds of Ireland. With the valves united and in situ at Bridlington. In the mammaliferous crag at Postwick, near Norwich. [Sweden.]
Loc., living. In the northern and Celtic regions of the European Seas, and on the coasts of Boreal America and the United States, as far south as Carolina (De Kay). A member of the littoral zone.
Note, An inhabitant of the British Sea, during the epochs of the Red and Coralline Crags.
4. Solen siliqua, Linnæus.
Loc., fossil. In the Clyde beds, the Irish drift, and the mammaliferous crag at Bramerton.
Loc., living. In all the European Seas. Littoral.
Note, Appeared in the British Seas during the epoch of the Red Crag.
5. Solen ensis, Linnæus.
Loc., fossil. In the Irish and Lancashire drift.
Loc., living. Throughout the European Seas, and on the coast of Boreal America. Littoral.
Note, Fossil in the Belgian Crag, according to Nyst.
6. Panopæa arctica (Glycimeris sp.), Lamarck.
Syn., P. Aldrovandi of British authors. P. Bivonæ of Phillippi, and of Mr. Smith's catalogue. P. norvegica of the mineral conchology. P. Spengleri of Valenciennes.
7. Mya truncata, Linnæus.
Loc., fossil. Frequent in the clays and sands of the British drift, occurs in situ, with united valves in the Clyde district. The short variety (var. Uddevallensis) is found in the Clyde beds. Both varieties are found in the glacial formations of Scandinavia, Russia, and Canada.
Loc., living. In the Celtic and northern seas of Europe, the seas of Greenland and of Boreal America, as far south as Cape Cod. The short variety is now found living in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Captain Bayfield), but
