in newer pliocene tertiaries in the Archipelago, where I never dredged a single living or fresh specimen.
Note. It is not known in either of the ancient crags.
58. Cardium edule, Linnæus.
Syn., C. obliquum, Woodward.
Loc., fossil. General in the Scotch, English, and Irish glacial beds. Mammaliferous crag of Bramerton. (Sweden, Denmark, Russia.)
Loc., living. General through the European Atlantic, and in the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas. It is not known either in Greenland or Boreal America, being replaced there by Cardium islandicum. Its southernmost recorded habitat is the Canary Islands.
Note. Its first appearance in the British Seas was during the epoch of the Red Crag.
59. [Cardium islandicum, Chemnitz.
Syn., Cardium ciliatum, Otho Fabricius.
Loc., fossil. Glacial deposits of Russia and Canada.
Loc., living. Arctic and Boreal American Seas].
60. [Cardium groenlandicum, Chemnitz.
Syn., Venus islandica, of Otho Fabricius, in the Fauna Groenlandica: not of other authors.
Loc., fossil. Glacial deposits of Russia and Canada.
Loc., living. Arctic and Boreal American Seas.
Note. During the Red Crag epoch this species existed in the British Seas.]
61. Cardium exiguum, Gmelin.
Syn., Cardium pygmæum, Donovan.
Loc., fossil. Stated in Mr. Smith's list to be common in newer pliocene deposits. I have not met with it.
Loc., living. The British Seas, and the seas of Southern Europe.
62. Cardium echinatum, Linnæus.
Loc., fossil. Scotish and Irish glacial beds. Isle of Man. [Sicily.]
Loc., living. General in the seas of Europe.
63. Cardium lævigatum, Linnæus.
Loc., fossil. Scotland. Isle of Man, Ireland. [Found in the newer pliocene of Sicily.]
Loc., living. General throughout the European Seas.
64. Pectunculus pilosus (Arca sp.), Linnæus.
Syn., Pectunculus variabilis. Sowerby (M. C.)
Loc., fossil. Isle of Man and Ireland. Mammaliferous crag at Thorpe.
Loc., living. General in the European Seas.
65. Nucula nucleus (Arca sp.), Linnæus.
Syn., Nucula margaritacea, Lamarck.
Loc., fossil. In most of the British glacial beds, but not common.
Loc., living. Throughout the European Seas. Does not range to Greenland.
Note. It occurs in both coralline and red crags.
