492
GRANVILLE.
commissioned General the same day, and Major-General Sherman promoted to be Lieutenant-General. During the difficulties of President Johnson with his Cabinet Gen. Grant served for a short time as Secretary of War ad interim, Aug., 1867, to Feb., 1868. He was elected President in Nov., 1868, receiving 214 out of the 294 electoral votes of the 26 States then recognized as belonging to the Union. He was inaugurated March 4, 1869. His administration was, upon the whole, satisfactory ; and in 1872 he was nominated for a second term of four years by the Republican Na- tional Convention. But in the meanwhile dissatisfaction had grown up among some prominent members of the Republican party. These, taking the name of " Liberal Republicans," nominated for Presi- dent Mr. Horace Greely, the editor of the New York Tribune. The Democratic National Convention also nominated Mr. Greely, although he had always been a strong oppo- nent of the Democratic party. At the Pesidential election held in Nov., 1872, Grant received 268 electoral votes, and Greely 80, though his popular majority was only 762,991 out of a total vote cast of 6,431,149. Mr. Greely died Nov. 29, 1872, just after the result of the election was evident. During the second administration of Presi- dent Grant, grave difficulties arose, growing mainly out of financial questions and the disturbed condi- tion of the South. The elections held in the autumn of 1874 resulted generally in favour of the Demo- cratic party, who secured a ma- jority in the Congressional House of Representatives, which convened in Dec, 1876, while the hitherto large Republican majority in the Senate was greatiy diminished. Though a number of the leaders and a considerable portion of the Republican party desired his renomination in 1876, public opinion in advance of the Conven-
tion was so emphatic against violating the well settled limitation to two terms, that his name waa not formally presented. Imme- diately upon the expiration of his term of office, March 4, 1877, he set out upon an extensive tour round the world, which lasted until the spring of 1880. Though no longer anything more than a private citizen of the Republic, he was everywhere received with the utmost consideration and distinc- tion due to the eminent civil and military positions he had held. At the Republican National Conven- tion of 1880 his political adherents once more endeavoured to secure his nomination, claiming that the custom established by Washington applied only to three consecutive terms, and hence would not be violated if the nomination were again given to Gen. Grant after a break in the continuity of his office. They did not succeed, however, and the nomination was given to Mr. Garfield. Since his return from Europe, Gten. Grant has resided chiefly in New York City.
GRANVILLE (Eabl), The Right Honoubablb Granville George Leveson-Gower, K.G., eldest son of the first earl, born May 11, 1815, was educated at Eton, and Christ Church, Oxford, where he took his degree in 1834, became attach^ to the embassy at Paris in 1835, and was elected to the House of Commons for the borough of Morpeth in 1836, being re-elected in 1837. Early in 1840 he accepted the appointment of Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, which he held for some months, and shortly after took his seat as mem- ber for Lichfield. While in the House of Commons he supported the Liberal party, and was an able and consistent advocate of free trade. In 1846 he succeeded to the peerage, in 1848 was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, in 1851 obtained a seat in
